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Dial-up IP-servers frequently offer SLIP service through special user
accounts. After logging into such an account, you are not dropped into
the common shell; instead a program or shell script is executed that
enables the server's SLIP driver for the serial line and configures the
appropriate network interface. Then you have to do the same at your end
of the link.
On some operating systems, the SLIP driver is a user-space program;
under , it is part of the kernel, which makes it a lot faster.
This requires, however, that the serial line be converted to SLIP mode
explicitly. This is done by means of a special tty line discipline,
SLIPDISC. While the tty is in normal line discipline (DISC0), it will
exchange data only with user processes, using the normal read(2)
and write(2) calls, and the SLIP driver is unable to write to or
read from the tty. In SLIPDISC, the roles are reversed: now any
user-space processes are blocked from writing to or reading from the
tty, while all data coming in on the serial port will be passed directly
to the SLIP driver.
The SLIP driver itself understands a number of variations on the SLIP
protocol. Apart from ordinary SLIP, it also understands CSLIP, which
performs the so-called Van Jacobson header compression on outgoing
IP-packets.
This improves throughput for interactive sessions noticeably.
Additionally, there are six-bit versions for each of these protocols.
A simple way to convert a serial line to SLIP mode is by using the
slattach tool. Assume you have your modem on /dev/cua3,
and have logged into the SLIP server successfully. You will then
execute:
# slattach /dev/cua3 &
This will switch the line discipline of cua3 to SLIPDISC, and
attach it to one of the SLIP network interfaces. If this is your first
active SLIP link, the line will be attached to sl0; the second
would be attached to sl1, and so on. The current kernels support
up to eight simultaneous SLIP links.
The default encapsulation chosen by slattach is CSLIP. You may
choose any other mode using the -p switch. To use normal SLIP
(no compression), you would use
# slattach -p slip /dev/cua3 &
Other modes are cslip, slip6, cslip6 (for the
six-bit version of SLIP), and adaptive for adaptive SLIP. The
latter leaves it to the kernel to find out which type of SLIP
encapsulation the remote end uses.
Note that you must use the same encapsulation as your peer does. For
example, if cowslip uses CSLIP, you have to do so, too. The
symptoms of a mismatch will be that a ping to the remote host
will not receive any packets back. If the other host pings you,
you may also see messages like ``Can't build ICMP header'' on
your console. One way to avoid these difficulties is to use
adaptive SLIP.
In fact, slattach does not only allow you to enable
SLIP, but other protocols that use the serial line as well,
like PPP or KISS (another protocol used by ham radio people).
For details, please refer to the slattach(8) manual page.
After turning over the line to the SLIP driver, you have to configure
the network interface. Again, we do this using the standard
ifconfig and route commands. Assume that from
vlager, we have dialed up a server named cowslip. You
would then execute
# ifconfig sl0 vlager pointopoint cowslip
# route add cowslip
# route add default gw cowslip
The first command configures the interface as a point-to-point link to
cowslip, while the second and third add the route to
cowslip and the default route using cowslip as a gateway.
When taking down the SLIP link, you first have to remove all routes
through cowslip using route with the del option,
take the interface down, and send slattach the hangup signal.
Afterwards you have to hang up the modem using your terminal program
again:
# route del default
# route del cowslip
# ifconfig sl0 down
# kill -HUP 516
Next: Using dip
Up: Serial Line IP
Previous: General Requirements
Andrew Anderson
Thu Mar 7 23:22:06 EST 1996
