D

DARPA

Was formally called ARPA. Defence Advanced Reseach Project Agency.

DBM

DataBase Management, a library of functions which maintain key-content pairs in a data base. From NIS HOWTO

DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service)

A DDoS attack is one that pits many machines against a single victim. An example is the attacks of February 2000 against some of the biggest websites. Even though these websites have a theoretical bandwidth of a gigabit/second, distributing many agents throughout the Internet flooding them with traffic can bring them down. Key point: The Internet is defenseless against these attacks. The best defense is for ISPs to do "egress filtering": prevent packets from going outbound that do not originate from IP addresses assigned to the ISP. This cuts down on the problem of spoofed IP addresses. History: The original DDoS tools were clonebots used during IRC wars. See also: zombie. From Hacking-Lexicon

DEC

/dek/ n. 1. v. Verbal (and only rarely written) shorthand for decrement, i.e. `decrease by one'. Especially used by assembly programmers, as many assembly languages have a dec mnemonic. Antonym: inc. 2. n. Commonly used abbreviation for Digital Equipment Corporation, later deprecated by DEC itself in favor of "Digital" and now entirely obsolete following the buyout by Compaq. Before the killer micro revolution of the late 1980s, hackerdom was closely symbiotic with DEC's pioneering timesharing machines. The first of the group of cultures described by this lexicon nucleated around the PDP-1 (see TMRC). Subsequently, the PDP-6, PDP-10, PDP-20, PDP-11 and VAX were all foci of large and important hackerdoms, and DEC machines long dominated the ARPANET and Internet machine population. DEC was the technological leader of the minicomputer era (roughly 1967 to 1987), but its failure to embrace microcomputers and Unix early cost it heavily in profits and prestige after silicon got cheap. Nevertheless, the microprocessor design tradition owes a major debt to the PDP-11 instruction set, and every one of the major general-purpose microcomputer OSs so far (CP/M, MS-DOS, Unix, OS/2, Windows NT) was either genetically descended from a DEC OS, or incubated on DEC hardware, or both. Accordingly, DEC was for many years still regarded with a certain wry affection even among many hackers too young to have grown up on DEC machines. DEC reclaimed some of its old reputation among techies in the first half of the 1990s. The success of the Alpha, an innovatively-designed and very high-performance killer micro, helped a lot. So did DEC's newfound receptiveness to Unix and open systems in general. When Compaq acquired DEC at the end of 1998 there was some concern that these gains would be lost along with the DEC nameplate, but the merged company has so far turned out to be culturally dominated by the ex-DEC side. From Jargon Dictionary

DES (Data Encryption Standard)

A controversial IBM developed encryption technique that was adopted by the US government for non-classified information, and widely used by financial institutions to transfer large sums of money electronically. Critics charge that DES technology was deliberately weakened so the government would be able to break DES-encoded messages when it chose to do so. From QUECID

DES (Data Encryption Standard, FIPS 46-3)

In cryptography, DES (Data Encryption Standard) is the most popular algorithm for encrypting data. It is standardized by the United States government (ANSI X9.17) as well as the ISO. Key point: DES ushered in a new era of cryptography. Before DES, strong encryption was only available to large governments and militaries. Cryptography research was similarly limited. Anything that the average person might use could easily be cracked by a major government. DES created a well-defined, easily verifiable security architecture that was available to anyone. DES-capable products flooded the market. Beyond making encryption products available to anyone, DES essentially created the cryptographic community. Before DES researchers toiled away under government/big-business secrecy, After DES, cryptography became a normal computer-science subject. Whereas DES itself was developed by secretive government agencies (NSA) and mammoth corporations (IBM), DES's replacement will likely be created by relatively independent researchers and the cryptographic community as a whole. Contrast: As of the year 2000, DES has been supplanted by the newer AES. Because DES has only 56-bit keys, it can easily be cracked within hours. Contrast: An increasingly popular form of DES is Triple DES which increases the key strength to 112 bits. History: In September, 1998, a German court ruled DES "out of date and unsafe" for banking applications. From Hacking-Lexicon

DHCP

DHCP is a protocol like BOOTP (actually dhcpd includes much of the functionality of BOOTPD). It assigns IP addresses to clients based on lease times. DHCP is used extensively by Microsoft and more recently also by Apple. It is probably essential in any multi-platform environment.

DLL

Dynamically Linked Library, a library linked to an executable program at run-time. From NIS HOWTO

DLX

DLX is a full featured Linux system running on Intel PCs. DLX comes on a single 3.5" floppy disk. DLX also supports a parallel-port ZIP-Drive drive. Good for network trouble-shooting and/or FTPing from a university pc-lab. Last new version was released in 1996. Distribution development is not all that active.

DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)

In firewalls, a DMZ is an area that is mostly public to the Internet. This is where a companies web, e-mail, and DNS servers are located. A DMZ often has some limited protection, but since it is very exposed to the Internet, the assumption is that the machines in the zone will eventually be compromised. Therefore, the machines often have as little connectivity to the private network as any other machine from the Internet. From Hacking-Lexicon

DNS (Domain Name System)

Analogy: When calling somebody via the telephone, you can lookup their name in the phone book in order to find the telephone number. DNS is a similar directory service. When contacting a web site, your browser looks up the name in DNS in order to find the IP number. History: DNS is relatively new. When the Internet was small, every machine simply had a list of all other machines on the Internet (stored in /etc/hosts). Generally, people just had the IP addresses of machines memorized in much the same way that people memorize phone numbers today. Key point: DNS is not needed for communication. If a DNS server goes down, newbies will think that the entire network is down. Hackers frequently deal with raw IP addresses, and indeed often bypass DNS entirely as it may give off signs of an attack. Key point: The DNS hierarchy starts from the "top level domains" of .com, .net, .org, .edu, .giv, .mil, and the two-letter country codes (e.g. .us for United States, .jp for Japan). Misunderstanding: Both IP addresses and domain names use dots: "www.robertgraham.com" vs. "192.0.2.133". This has no significance; the usage of these dots is unrelated. Trying to match things up one-to-one is wrong (i.e. ".com" == "192."). Analogy: What is your phone number? If I asked you this, you could give me both your home number and your cell phone number. I can reach you at either one. In much the same way, the a domain name like http://www.yahoo.com/ can have multiple IP addresses. Every time you visit that site, you might go to a separate IP address. You can test this out yourself. Go to the command-line and type "ping www.yahoo.com". Notice how it comes back with an IP address that it pings. After that runs, try it again. Notice how the second time it is pinging a different IP address. Details: DNS provides a number of resource records (RR): A ^ The normal record that contain an name to IP address mapping. LOC ^ The geographic location containing latitude, longitude, altitude, and size. Altitude is meters above sea level. Size is the exponent in the in meters of the volumetric size of the object. Hackers sometimes use these records to find where you are located physically. Humor: The original name of this record was ICBM. HOST ^ HOST records can contain information about the machine, such as if it is a Windows or UNIX machine. Administrators probably should not fill them in; they are dangerous. PTR. From Hacking-Lexicon

DNS (Domain Name System)

This system maps hostnames to IP numbers. DNS is the Domain Name System. DNS converts machine names to the IP addresses that all machines on the net have. It translates (or "maps" as the jargon would have it) from name to address and from address to name, and some other things. This HOWTO documents how to define such mappings using Unix system, with a few things specific to Linux. A mapping is simply an association between two things, in this case a machine name, like ftp.linux.org, and the machine's IP number (or address) 199.249.150.4. DNS also contains mappings the other way, from the IP number to the machine name; this is called a "reverse mapping". DNS is, to the uninitiated (you ;-), one of the more opaque areas of network administration. Fortunately DNS isn't really that hard. This HOWTO will try to make a few things clearer. It describes how to set up a simple DNS name server, starting with a caching only server and going on to setting up a primary DNS server for a domain. For more complex setups you can check the qanda section of this document. If it's not described there you will need to read the Real Documentation. I'll get back to what this Real Documentation consists of in the last chapter. Before you start on this you should configure your machine so that you can telnet in and out of it, and successfully make all kinds of connections to the net, and you should especially be able to do telnet 127.0.0.1 and get your own machine (test it now!). You also need good /etc/nsswitch.conf, /etc/resolv.conf and /etc/hosts files as a starting point, since I will not explain their function here. If you don't already have all this set up and working the Networking-HOWTO and/or the Networking-Overview-HOWTO explains how to set it up. Read them. When I say `your machine' I mean the machine you are trying to set up DNS on, not any other machine you might have that's involved in your networking effort. I assume you're not behind any kind of firewall that blocks name queries. If you are you will need a special configuration --- see the section on qanda. Name serving on Unix is done by a program called named. This is a part of the ``BIND'' package which is coordinated by The Internet Software Consortium. Named is included in most Linux distributions and is usually installed as /usr/sbin/named, usually from a package called BIND, in upper or lower case depending on the whim of the packager. If you have a named you can probably use it; if you don't have one you can get a binary off a Linux ftp site, or get the latest and greatest source from ftp://ftp.isc.org/isc/bind9/. This HOWTO is about BIND version 9. The old versions of the HOWTO, about BIND 4 and 8, is still available at http://langfeldt.net/DNS-HOWTO/ in case you use BIND 4 or 8 (incidentally, you will find this HOWTO there too). If the named man page talks about (at the very end, in the FILES section) named.conf you have BIND 8; if it talks about named.boot you have BIND 4. If you have 4 and are security conscious you really ought to upgrade to the latest version of BIND 8. Now. DNS is a net-wide database. Take care about what you put into it. If you put junk into it, you, and others, will get junk out of it. Keep your DNS tidy and consistent and you will get good service from it. Learn to use it, admin it, debug it and you will be another good admin keeping the net from falling to its knees by mismanagement. Tip: Make backup copies of all the files I instruct you to change if you already have them, so that if after going through this nothing works you can get it back to your old, working state. From DNS-HOWTO

DNSSEC

A secure form of DNS. Its primary use is for updating DNS servers. TODO Algorithms: RSA, MD5. From Hacking-Lexicon

DOM (Document Object Model)

An application programming interface (API) for HTML and XML documents. It defines the logical structure of documents and the way a document is accessed and manipulated. In the DOM specification, the term "document" is used in the broad sense - increasingly, XML is being used as a way of representing many different kinds of information that may be stored in diverse systems, and much of this would traditionally be seen as data rather than as documents. Nevertheless, XML presents this data as documents, and the DOM may be used to manage this data. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

DOSemu

To quote the manual, "dosemu" is a user-level program which uses certain special features of the Linux kernel and the 80386 processor to run MS-DOS/FreeDOS/DR-DOS in what we in the biz call a `DOS box.' The DOS box, a combination of hardware and software trickery, has these capabilities: the ability to virtualize all input/output and processor control instructions, the ability to support the word size and addressing modes of the iAPX86 processor family's "real mode," while still running within the full protected mode environment, the ability to trap all DOS and BIOS system calls and emulate such calls as are necessary for proper operation and good performance, the ability to simulate a hardware environment over which DOS programs are accustomed to having control, the ability to provide DOS services through native Linux services; for example, dosemu can provide a virtual hard disk drive which is actually a Linux directory hierarchy." From DOSEMU-HOWTO

DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm, DSS, Digital Signature Standard, FIPS 186, ANSI 9.30)

An alternative public-key algorithm, the DSA is a standard promulgated by NIST. DSA is only used for digital signatures but is not used for key exchange. It is based upon work done by Schnorr and ElGamal. Contrast: Whereas RSA is based upon the mathematical problem of factoring large numbers, DSA is based upon the discrete logarithm problem. DSA generates signatures faster; RSA verifies signatures better. Contrast: The terms DSA and DSS are essentially the same and are generally used interchangeably. DSS (Digital Signature Standard) is a government document mandating the use of DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm). They are both part of the same FIPS-186 document. Key point: The DSS specification provides for keys only up to 1024-bits. This is considered "weak" and probably breakable in a few years. Some products (e.g. PGP) allow non-standard larger keys to be generated. History: The standard was created by NIST with the help See also: RSA, Diffie-Hellman From Hacking-Lexicon

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)

A method for moving data over regular phone lines. A DSL circuit is much faster than a regular phone connection, and the wires coming into the subscriber's premises are the same (copper) wires used for regular phone service. A DSL circuit must be configured to connect two specific locations, similar to a leased line (howeverr a DSL circuit is not a leased line. A common configuration of DSL allows downloads at speeds of up to 1.544 megabits (not megabytes) per second, and uploads at speeds of 128 kilobits per second. This arrangement is called ADSL: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. Another common configuration is symmetrical: 384 Kilobits per second in both directions. In theory ADSL allows download speeds of up to 9 megabits per second and upload speeds of up to 640 kilobits per second. DSL is now a popular alternative to Leased Lines and ISDN, being faster than ISDN and less costly than traditional Leased Lines. From Matisse

DSML (Directory Services Markup Language)

an XML dialect for working with directory information. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

DSO (Dynamic Shared Object)

From Rute-Users-Guide

DSP

Digital signal processors - specialized microprocessors that perform the same task repetitively at very high frequency. Most often used in telecommunications and multimedia application platforms. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

DSP (Digital Signal Processor)

A progammable sound processing circuit, used in both modems and sound boards. Sound boards use DSPs to handle a variety of sound resolutions, formats, and sound-altering filters without requiring separate circuits for each one, while modems use DSPs to handle several modulation protocols. From QUECID

DVI

DeVice Independent: a typesetter independent file which is generated from TeX. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

DVI (Digital Video Interactive)

A format for recording digital video onto compact disc allowing for compression and full motion video. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

DVTC (Desktop Videoconferencing)

Videoconferencing on a personal computer. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

Daemon

A background process of the operating system that usually has root security level permission. A daemon usually lurks in the background until something triggers it into activity, such as a specific time or date, time interval, receipt of e-mail, etc. From I-gloss

Daemon

A program, usually on a computer running UNIX, that serves some obscure function (such as routing electronic mail to its recipients) and usually has a very limited user interface. There's some debate about the origins of the word, but most say it derives from the devilish spirits of Greek mythology. From QUECID

Damn Small Linux

Damn Small Linux is a business card size (50MB) Linux distribution. Despite it's miniscule size it strives to have a functional and easy to use desktop. The initial freshmeat announcement for version 0.1 was released March 19, 2003. Version 0.3.10 was released June 4, 2003. A CD-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List

Darkstar Linux

A source-based multi-platform Linux distribution. From LWN Distribution List

Data striping

An important method employed by redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID) in which a single unit of data is distributed acroess several hard disks, increasing ressitance to a failure in one of the drives. From QUECID

Database

A computer holding large amounts of information that can be searched by an Internet user. A storehouse of information on the Net. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

DeLi Linux

DeLi Linux stands for "Desktop Light" Linux, a desktop distribution for older computers, from 486 to Pentium MMX 166 or so. Slackware 7.1-based DeLi includes plenty of desktop software such as email clients, a graphical Web browser, an office package with word processor and spreadsheet, etc. A full install, including XFree86 and development tools, needs no more than 300 MB of harddisk space. DeLi uses the 2.2.19 kernel for a smaller footprint and rocksolid stability on older hardware. Initial version 0.1 was released November 3, 2002. Version 0.2 was released March 19, 2003. From LWN Distribution List

DeMuDi Agnula

The DeMuDi Agnula Project aims to create a Debian-based distribution for multi-media work. This is not a mini-distribution, but it is special purpose. The first official release, DeMuDi Agnula 0.9, is due out in November 2002 [as of July 10, 2002]. A 'special purpose/mini' distribution. From LWN Distribution List

Debian GNU/Linux

The Debian Project is currently the largest volunteer based distribution provider. Debian has an old stable version 2.2 (potato), a newer stable version 3.0r1 (woody), and less stable but more current branches available. From LWN Distribution List

Debian-Ham

Debian-Ham is a floppy distribution specifically for contesting and logging. It is based on uClibc, busybox, and tlf. The current scheme uses a LILO boot floppy with a minix root floppy. Network support is included to connect to a DX cluster. The initial Freshmeat announcment was for version 0.3, released July 21, 2002. Version 0.5 was released April 24, 2003. A floppy-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List

Debian-Jr.

This is an internal project to make Debian an OS that children of all ages will want to use. Our initial focus will be on producing something for children up to age 8. Once we have accomplished this, our next target age range is 7 to 12. By the time children reach their teens, they should be comfortable with using Debian without any special modifications. From LWN Distribution List

Debian-Med

Debian-Med is an internal Debian project to support tasks of people in medical care. The goal of Debian-Med is to build a a complete system for all tasks in medical care, using only free software. A 'special purpose/mini' distribution. From LWN Distribution List

Debugger

A utility program, often included in compilers or interpreters, that helps programmers find and fix syntax errors and other errors in source code. From QUECID

Debugging

The process of locating and correcting errors in a program. From QUECID

Definite Linux

Definite Linux was a boxed set of desktop Linux and applications. It hasn't been maintained since late 2000. Distribution development is not all that active. From LWN Distribution List

Delete

see rm. From KADOWKEV

DemoLinux

DemoLinux is a complete distribution on a bootable CDROM. Take Linux with you and run Linux anywhere. The website shows multi-lingual support for English, French, Italian, Dutch, Spanish and Portuguese. DemoLinux 3.01p15 was released July 27, 2002. A CD-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List

Desktop

The operating system user interface, which is designed to represent an office desk with objects on it. Rather than physical telephones, lamps, in/out baskets, etc., the operating system desktop uses program and data icons, windows, taskbars, and the like. There are many different desktop environments available for Linux, including KDE, GNOME, and X11, that can be installed by a user. (Also, see GUI, Window manager and X Window System.) From I-gloss

Desktop Video

The merging of video, telephone, and computer technologies for the purpose of delivering multimedia information and telecommunication capabilities at the individual computer workstation. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

Desktop/LX

Lycoris, formerly Redmond Linux, has a distribution targeted toward Windows users that are ready for a change. Desktop/LX Update 2 was released July 29, 2002. From LWN Distribution List

Dettu[Xx]

"probably the worlds nastiest Linux-distribution" You get just enough tools to download everything you need over the internet and build the packages on your computer. Could be very educational. From LWN Distribution List

Device

Any hardware component or peripheral, such as a printer, modem, montor, or mouse, that can receive and/or receive data. Some devices require special software, called device drivers. From QUECID

Device Driver

A program that serves as an intermediary between the operating system and a device (ports, drives, monitors, printers, etc.) defining to the operating system what capabilities the device has and translating the operating system commands into instructions the device understands. From I-gloss

Device independence

The capability of a program, operating system or programming language to work on a varity of computers or peripherals, despite their electronic variation. UNIX, an operating system for multiuser computer systems, is designed to run on a wide variety of coputers, from personal computers to mainframes. PostScript, a page description language for high-quality printing, is used by many printer manufacturers. From QUECID

Device name

In DOS, a three-letter abbreviation that registers to a peripheral device. From QUECID

Device node

An object in the hardware tree that represents a piece of hardware. From QUECID

Devil-Linux

Devil-Linux is a special Linux distribution used for Firewalls and Routers. The goal of Devil-Linux is to have a small, customizable and secure Linux OS. It comes on a CDROM and saves configuration data on a floppy disk, and it has several optional packages. Devil-Linux 0.5RC1 (Beta) was released May 30, 2002. Devil-Linux 0.5 was released September 2, 2002. A CD-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List

Dial-Up Network

Connection to a network

Dial-up

It is using telephone lines or ISDN networks to connect your computer to the Internet. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

Dictionary sort

A sort order that ignores the case of characters as data is rearranged. See sort. From QUECID

DietLinux

DietLinux is a dietlibc-based Linux distribution. Glibc is fully avoided. Some of the most important server daemons (DHCP, DNS, etc.) are working. The initial version, 0.1, was released May 16, 2003. Version 0.1.1 was released May 22, 2003. A 'special purpose/mini' distribution. From LWN Distribution List

Diffie-Hellman (DH)

The original public-key algorithm. Modern cryptography starts in 1976 when Diffie and Hellman published their groundbreaking paper "New Directions in Cryptography". Contrast: Whereas RSA is based upon the mathematical problem of factoring large numbers, DH is based upon the discrete logarithm problem. Whereas RSA can be used to encrypt messages, DH can only be used for key-exchange. However, RSA is essentially only used for key-exchange in the first place. The disadvantages of DH vs. RSA are: message expansion DH encrypted messages are larger (though this isn't really an issue for key-exchange). key size Current standards (e.g. DSS) specify smaller key sizes than those supported by RSA-based standards. CPU DH based standards take processing time than RSA based equivalents (and a lot more than than elliptical curve techniques). Advantages of DH over RSA are: patents This is no longer an important issue now that RSA patents have expired, but the reason DH became popular was because it was essentially patent-free. key generation It takes a long time to generate RSA keys, so DH is a better option if keys must be generated often. key size For keys of the same size, DH is more secure. In other words, it takes longer keys for RSA to be as secure as DH. security DH is conjectured to be less likely to be broken by new developements in mathematical theory. Contrast: The most common use of Diffie-Hellman is ElGamal, a public-key encryption variant of Diffie-Hellman. The U.S. government standard DSS is based upon ElGamal. See also: RSA, public-key crypto. From Hacking-Lexicon

Digerati

The digital version of literati, it is a reference to a vague cloud of people seen to be knowledgeable, hip, or otherwise in-the-know in regardsto the digital revolution. From Matisse

Digital

A data signal transmitted using discrete steps in voltage rather than frequency, as in an analog signal. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

Directory

A list of files or other directories on a computer at an Internet site. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

Directory

The Unix equivalent of a 'folder' on a Macintosh, all files are stored in directories. A directory can be created with the mkdir command and empty directories are removed with rmdir. From KADOWKEV

Directory Service

A directory is like a database, but tends to contain more descriptive, attribute-based information. The information in a directory is generally read much more often than it is written. As a consequence, directories don't usually implement the complicated transaction or roll-back schemes that regular databases use for doing high-volume complex updates. Directory updates are typically simple all-or-nothing changes, if they are allowed at all. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

Diskless workstation

In a local area network (LAN), a workstation that has a central processing unit (CPU) and random-access memory (RAM) but lacks its own disk drives. Diskless workstations ensure that everyone in an organisation prodics compatible data and helps reduce security risks. However, diskless workstations cause serious loss of speed, flexibility, and originality and with greater vulneratibility to the effects of a disk or system crash. From QUECID

Distance Education

Conveying knowledge from a distance. The organizational framework and process of providing instruction at a distance. Distance education takes place when a teacher and student(s) are physically separated, and technology such that voice, video, data and/or print is used to bridge the instructional gap. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

Distance Learning

The term Distance Learning is typically used describe video-enabled instruction (integrated voice, data, and video transmissions) in college, university, medical school or kindergarten through the twelfth-grade environment. Distance Learning permits especially gifted teachers to reach an almost limitless number of students around the world. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

Distribution

A packaging of the Linux kernel (core) with various user interfaces, utilities, drivers, and other software into a user deliverable. Often available as a free download or in a low-cost CD-ROM package. Popular distributions include Caldera OpenLinux, CoreLinux, Debian, Red Hat, Slackware, SuSE, TurboLinux and others. From I-gloss

Distribution System

Any program that can be received by a satellite antenna and distributed into several viewing areas. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

DoS (Denial of Service)

An exploit whose purpose is to deny somebody the use of the service: namely to crash or hang a program or the entire system. Example: Some classes of DoS are: traffic flood Overwhelms the Internet connection. Because it is the Internet connection itself that is attacked, there isn't much the victim can do to stop the attack. A firewall might block the flood from going any further, but the Internet connection in front of the firewall is still overloaded. application floods or bombs Overwhelms a program with too many events. A firewall that allows the traffic cannot block these attacks. For example, a firewall configured to allow IRC cannot selectively block just the flood but allow all other traffic. Common services attacked this way are IRC, HTTP, and e-mail (SMTP). remote system crash/hang Historically, there have been a lot of ways of remotely crashing machines. These attack the TCP/IP stack within the system causing it to crash or hang. This affects all software running on the system. remote service crash Crashes just the application/service. This doesn't affect other software running on the system. Example: Some famous DoS attacks are: Ping of Death This exploit crashed most machines vintage 1995 by sending illegally fragmented packets at a victim. Even as late as 2000, some systems were vulnerable to variants of this DoS, such as the Jolt2 attack against Windows systems. SYN flood ping flood WinNuke Sending OOB/URG data across a TCP connection to Windows. teardrop Sends overlapping IP fragments at the victim. Overlapping IP fragments should normally never happen. This means that the code to handle them has never been tested -- and therefore many bugs exist. land (latierra) An attacker can forge a packet that is sent from the victim's machine to the victim's machine, which can cause it to reply back to itself in an infinite loop. targa A tool that includes many popular DoS attacks (by Mixter). Culture: A common word for DoS is "nuke", which was first popularized by the WinNuke program (a simple ping-of-death expoit script. These days, "nukes" are those DoS exploits that script kiddies in chat rooms use against each other. See also: SYN flood From Hacking-Lexicon

Documentation

The instructions, tutorials, and refernce information that provides you with the information you need to use a program or computer system effectively. Documentation can appear in printed form or in on-line help systems. From QUECID

Domain

An internet 'domain' is a subsection of the internet. The primary domains of the internet are .COM, .NET, .MIL, and .ORG, which refer to Commercial, Network, Military, and Organization. These domains are administered by the Internic. Each domain has a primary and secondary Domain Name Server associated with it. From KADOWKEV

Domain

The part of the Internet address that specifies your computer's location in the world. The address is written as a series of names separated by full stops. For example, the Domain name at Global SchoolHouse Foundation is www.gsh.org--this shows that Global SchoolHouse Foundation is an organization. The another example, www.statistik.uni-dortmund.de, shows that Statistics faculty is in the University of Dortmund, and the last de shows the it is in Germany (Deutschland). The German word for Germany is (de)utschland. The most common top level domains: .edu Educations(US).net network resource .com Commercial(US) www.aspensys.com .org Organization(US) .de (Code for Germany..) .gov Public bodies

Domain Name

The unique name that identifies an Internet site. Domain Names always have 2 or more parts, separated by dots. The part on the left is the most specific, and the part on the right is the most general. A given machine may have more than one Domain Name but a given Domain Name points to only one machine. For example, the domain names: matisse.net mail.matisse.net workshop.matisse.net can all refer to the same machine, but each domain name can refer to no more than one machine. Usually, all of the machines on a given Network will have the same thing as the right-hand portion of their Domain Names (matisse.net in the examples above). It is also possible for a Domain Name to exist but not be connected to an actual machine. This is often done so that a group or business can have an Internet e-mail address without having to establish a real Internet site. In these cases, some real Internet machine must handle the mail on behalf of the listed Domain Name. From Matisse

Domain Name Server

Each internet domain has two domain name servers, or DNS. The primary DNS for a domain is usually located on one of the machine in that network, you can often determine the server from the output of the nslookup command. From KADOWKEV

Dot file

In UNIX, a file thet has a name preceded by a dot. Such a file normally isn't displayed by UNIX file-listing utility progams. Dot files are frequently used for user configuration files, such as a file that lists the newsgroups the user regularly consults. From QUECID

Download

The process of taking information stored on the internet and copying it to your computer's hard disk. You may find yourself downloading the latest shareware from a site such as http://www.search.com/. To transfer files from a server to a PC across a network (Internet). From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology

DragonLinux

DragonLinux is a complete Linux operating system distribution that has been customized to install on top of versions of Microsoft Windows or any version of DOS. DragonLinux v2r2pre was released November 26, 2001. From LWN Distribution List

Dualix

Dualix is a mini-distribution of Linux based on libc5, kernel 2.2.10. It is intended for use as a quick, portable, and configurable network client, not a rescue system. Distribution development is not all that active. From LWN Distribution List

DyneBolic

DyneBolic is a live bootable CDROM that will give you a Linux desktop on any machine with a CD drive. Comes with audio streaming, realtime video effects, and Mozilla web browser. Development version 1.0 alpha 5 was released May 11, 2003. A CD-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List

d4x

Graphical tool for downloading files from Internet Downloader for X is a tool for downloading files from the Internet via both HTTP and FTP with a powerful but userfriendly interface. It supports reconnecting and resuming on connection timeouts, has a download queue for multiple files, support for simultaneous downloads, and many other features for powerful downloading. It is written in C++, the GUI uses GTK+. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dact

Multi-algorithm compression DACT compresses each block within the file with all its known algorithms and uses the block with the best compression ratio. DACT can encrypt the compressed data with one of two algorithms. Compression time for DACT is slow as each block is compressed multiple times, Current supported compression algorithms include RLE, Delta, Text, Zlib, Modified Zlib, Bzip2 and Seminibble Encoding. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dadadodo

Exterminates all rational thought DadaDodo is a program that analyses texts for Markov chains of word probabilities and then generates random sentences based on that. Sometimes these sentences are nonsense; but sometimes they cut right through to the heart of the matter and reveal hidden meanings. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

daemon

/day'mn/ or /dee'mn/ n. [from the mythological meaning, later rationalized as the acronym `Disk And Execution MONitor'] A program that is not invoked explicitly, but lies dormant waiting for some condition(s) to occur. The idea is that the perpetrator of the condition need not be aware that a daemon is lurking (though often a program will commit an action only because it knows that it will implicitly invoke a daemon). For example, under ITS writing a file on the LPT spooler's directory would invoke the spooling daemon, which would then print the file. The advantage is that programs wanting (in this example) files printed need neither compete for access to nor understand any idiosyncrasies of the LPT. They simply enter their implicit requests and let the daemon decide what to do with them. Daemons are usually spawned automatically by the system, and may either live forever or be regenerated at intervals. Daemon and demon are often used interchangeably, but seem to have distinct connotations. The term `daemon' was introduced to computing by CTSS people (who pronounced it /dee'mon/) and used it to refer to what ITS called a dragon; the prototype was a program called DAEMON that automatically made tape backups of the file system. Although the meaning and the pronunciation have drifted, we think this glossary reflects current (2000) usage. From Jargon Dictionary

daemon

A process lurking in the background, usually unnoticed, until something triggers it into action. For example, the \cmd{update} daemon wakes up every thirty seconds or so to flush the buffer cache, and the \cmd{sendmail} daemon awakes whenever someone sends mail.

daemon

a program which runs for an extended period (usually "forever") to handle requests for service as needed. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

daemon (service)

On UNIX, a daemon is a program running in the background, usually providing some sort of service. Typical daemons are those that provide e-mail, printing, telnet, FTP, and web access. From Hacking-Lexicon

dailystrips

view web comic strips more conveniently A perl script that gathers online comic strips for more convenient viewing. When in normal mode, it creates an HTML page that references the strips directly, and when in local mode, it also downloads the images to your local disk. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dancer-ircd

An IRC server designed for centrally maintained networks This is the ircd designed for use on OpenProjects Net (www.openprojects.net), based on the hybrid ircd used by efnet. It attempts to handle the network transparently as a unit, and to provide features to support the OPN philosophy. This package contains the main binary files. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dancer-services

IRC services implementation for dancer-ircd This is the counterpart to dancer-ircd, a services implementation (nickserv, chanserv, etc) that works with the dancer protocol. It can connect to a remote server, but it is highly recommended that you run a local ircd instead and connect it to that. Note that dancer-services will not work properly with any ircd other than dancer-ircd. Dancer-services is essentially the same as hybserv, only patched to work with dancer-ircd. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dante-client

Provides a SOCKS wrapper for users behind a firewall. Dante provides "socksify" - a program which forwards network requests from any program to the SOCKS server (v4 or v5) which then performs them on your behalf. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dante-server

SOCKS server. dante-server provides "danted" - a SOCKS (v4 and v5) server From Debian 3.0r0 APT

database

An indexed collection of information which can be accessed, modified and queried using a query language such as SQL. Popular databases applications for Linux include the commercial Oracle product and Informix-SE. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

database

The database is one of the underpinning applications of the Internet. The concept of database "records" predates that of "files" within a computer. These days, most discussion of databases revolves around SQL (structured query language). An SQL statement is a special language that you may use to encode a statement such as show me everyone who has a first name of "Robert". The actual SQL statement would look like: "SELECT * from Everyone where firstname equals 'Robert'". Key point: The near-programming quality of SQL means that it is open to much the same security holes that plague other scripting languages. For example, a frequent attacks against databases is to insert shell metacharacters into data fields. For example, consider a reporting system using PERL that extracts data out of a database. I may create a bank acount where name is "| mail [email protected] < /etc/passwd", which will send me the password field when you run your month-end reports. In late 1999 and early year 2000, thousands of Microsoft's web servers were broken into because programs submitted command-line statements through SQL query statements through a default script left open on default installations of their servers. From Hacking-Lexicon

datagram

A packet which includes both the source and destination addresses provided by the user, and not the network. Datagrams can also include data. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

datagram

In protocols, a datagram is a single transmission that stands by itself. They are often known as unreliable datagrams because there is not guarantee that they will reach their destination. It is up to some higher protocol or application to verify that a datagram reaches its destination. Streaming media (audio/video/voice) often use datagrams because it doesn't really matter if a few are lost in transmission. From Hacking-Lexicon

date

print or set the system date and time From whatis

db1

The Berkeley Database (Berkeley DB) is a programmatic toolkit that provides embedded database support for both traditional and client/server applications. It should be installed if compatibility is needed with databases created with db1. This library used to be part of the glibc package. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

db2

The Berkeley Database (Berkeley DB) is a programmatic toolkit that provides embedded database support for both traditional and client/server applications. This library used to be part of the glibc package. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

db2dvi

(Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to DVI From whatis

db2html

(Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to HTML From whatis

db2pdf

(Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to PDF From whatis

db2ps

(Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to PS From whatis

db2rtf

(Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to RTF From whatis

db4

The Berkeley Database (Berkeley DB) is a programmatic toolkit thatprovides embedded database support for both traditional and client/server applications. The Berkeley DB includes B+tree, ExtendedLinear Hashing, Fixed and Variable-length record access methods, transactions, locking, logging, shared memory caching, and database recovery. The Berkeley DB supports C, C++, Java, and Perl APIs. It is used by many applications, including Python and Perl, so this should be installed on all systems. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

db_archive

the DB database archiver From whatis

db_checkpoint

the DB database checkpoint utility From whatis

db_deadlock

the DB database deadlock detector From whatis

db_dump

the DB database dump utility From whatis

db_dump185

the DB database dump utility From whatis

db_load

the DB database loader From whatis

db_printlog

Debugging utility to dump Berkeley DB log files. From whatis

db_recover

the DB database recovery utility From whatis

db_stat

display DB statistics From whatis

dbbalancer

Database connection pooling, load balancing and write-replication DBBalancer provides facilities to transparently implement: - pooling of connections - load balancing across multiple backends - write replication to multiple backends DBBalancer is a middleware daemon that sits in between database clients, like C, C++, TCL, Java JDBC, Perl DBI, etc programs and a database server. Currently the only server supported is PostgreSQL, but the architecture is open to embrace more servers in future. Also see http://dbbalancer.sourceforge.net/ for more information. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dbench

The dbench (disk) and tbench (TCP) benchmarks dbench and tbench simulate the load of the netbench "industry standard" benchmark used to rate (windows) file servers. Unlike netbench, they do not require a lab of Microsoft Windows PCs: dbench produces the filesystem load on a netbench run, and tbench produces the network load, allowing simpler bottleneck isolation. Note that this benchmark is *not* a realistic reflection of normal server load. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dbf2mysql

xBase <--> MySQL This program takes an xBase file and sends queries to an MySQL server to insert it into an MySQL table and vice versa. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dbf2pg

Converting xBase files to PostgreSQL This program takes an xBase-file and sends queries to an PostgreSQL-server to insert it into a table. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dbishell

Interactive SQL shell with readline support Database shell with readline support [command history, tab completion etc] based on the Perl DBI: Has specific support for Oracle, MySQL, Sybase, PostgreSQL, and a generic driver that should work for anything supported by DBI. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dbs

Files used for the development of DBS source packages DBS stands for Debian Build System and is an alternative approach for source packages which want to ship a pristine source and then apply patches to it. This allows the distribution of multiple patches inside one package that are applied during the build process. Please see http://snoopy.apana.org.au/~bam/debian/faq/#dbs for further information on DBS. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dbskkd-cdb

The fastest dictionary server for SKK dbskkd-cdb is an alternate version of skkserv using cdb. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dbview

View dBase III files Dbview is a little tool that will display dBase III and IV files. You can also use it to convert your old .dbf files for further use with Unix. It wasn't the intention to write a freaking viewer and reinvent the wheel again. Instead dbview is intend to be used in conjunction with your favourite unix text utilities like cut, recode and more. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dc

The GNU dc arbitrary precision reverse-polish calculator GNU dc is a reverse-polish desk calculator which supports unlimited precision arithmetic. It also allows you to define and call macros. A reverse-polish calculator stores numbers on a stack. Entering a number pushes it on the stack. Arithmetic operations pop arguments off the stack and push the results. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dcd

Command-line CD player dcd (Dave's CD player) is a small CD player, for people who think workbone is too bloated and graphical. All functions are accessible from the command line. Loop tracks in the background, use it with 'at' as an alarm clock, whatever. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dcgui

Direct Connect Graphical client (GTK+) (peer-based file-sharing) dc_gui is a gtk front-end for the dctc program. dctc handles all communication with dc hubs and clients, while dcgui presents an interface that has many of the features of the original directconnect client, plus some really useful improvements. It is intended for peer-based file-sharing. In practise it works better than gnutella and other similar systems as it allows dc hubs (servers) administators to require clients to share specified amount of data. The amount is usually based on type of client's connection and it is used not to hurt or exclude anybody but to make file sharing "fair play". dcgui is still alpha, so some care has to be taken - try it out! From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dclock

Digital clock for the X Window System with flexible display. Dclock main feature is its great flexibility in how it can draw. You can even display the output from "date" in it such as "Wednesday, 3rd Jan". Dclock also supports setting an alarm. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dcopperl

Perl bindings for DCOP Perl bindings for DCOP From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dcoppython

Python bindings for DCOP Python bindings for DCOP From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dctc

Direct Connect Text Client Text console client of well known DC (Direct Connect) protocol which offers peer-based file-sharing. In practise it works better than gnutella and other similar systems as it allows dc hubs (servers) administators to require clients to share specified amount of data. The amount is usually based on type of client's connection and it is used not to hurt or exclude anybody but to make file sharing "fair play". It is *really* not intended to be used "by hand". Instead You should install and use dcgui program. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dd

/dee-dee/ vt. [Unix: from IBM JCL] Equivalent to cat or BLT. Originally the name of a Unix copy command with special options suitable for block-oriented devices; it was often used in heavy-handed system maintenance, as in "Let's dd the root partition onto a tape, then use the boot PROM to load it back on to a new disk". The Unix dd(1) was designed with a weird, distinctly non-Unixy keyword option syntax reminiscent of IBM System/360 JCL (which had an elaborate DD `Dataset Definition' specification for I/O devices); though the command filled a need, the interface design was clearly a prank. The jargon usage is now very rare outside Unix sites and now nearly obsolete even there, as dd(1) has been deprecated for a long time (though it has no exact replacement). The term has been displaced by BLT or simple English `copy'. From Jargon Dictionary

dd

convert and copy a file From whatis

dd

copies a file (from standard input to standard output, by default) using specific input and output blocksizes, while optionally performing conversions on it. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

ddate

converts Gregorian dates to Discordian dates From whatis

ddclient

Update dynamic IP address at DynDNS.org A perl based client to update your dynamic IP address at DynDNS.org (or other dynamic DNS services such as Hammernode, Zoneedit or EasyDNS), thus allowing you and others to use a fixed hostname (myhost.dyndns.org) to access your machine. This client supports both the dynamic and (near) static services, MX setting, and alternative host. It caches the address, and only attempts the update if the address actually changes. For more information on DynDNS.org, see http://www.dyndns.org/. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

ddd

The Data Display Debugger, a graphical debugger frontend. The Data Display Debugger (DDD) is a popular graphical user interface to UNIX debuggers such as GDB, DBX, XDB, JDB and others. Besides ``usual'' front-end features such as viewing source texts and breakpoints, DDD provides an interactive graphical data display, where data structures are displayed as graphs. Using DDD, you can reason about your application by watching its data, not just by viewing it execute lines of source code. Other DDD features include: debugging of programs written in Ada, C, C++, Chill, Fortran, Java, Modula, Pascal, Perl and Python; machine-level debugging; hypertext source navigation and lookup; breakpoint, backtrace, and history editors; preferences and settings editors; program execution in terminal emulator window; debugging on remote host; on-line manual; interactive help on the Motif user interface; GDB/DBX/XDB command-line interface with full editing, history, and completion capabilities. This version is linked against Lesstif, an LGPL-ed implementation of Motif. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dds2tar

Tools for using DDS features of DAT drives with GNU tar This tool makes use of the fast seek command of DAT devices. Files from a selected file archive can be extracted within one minute. An undocumented c-shell script scsi_vendor is provided which may help in learning more about an unknown SCSI device. It is used by the mt-dds tool. scsi_vendor requires the tcsh flavor of c-shell. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

ddskk

Simple Kana to Kanji conversion program Daredevil SKK is a branch of SKK (Simple Kana to Kanji conversion program, an input method of Japanese). It forked from the main trunk, SKK version 10.56. It consists of a simple core and many optional programs which provide extensive features, however, our target is to more simplify core, and more expand its optional features. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

ddt-client

Dynamic DNS Tools Client. This is the client side implementation of the DDTP protocol. It allows you to assign a fixed FQDN to any hosts that connects to the internet using a dynamic IP. You have to register with a DDT service provider in order to use it. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

ddt-server

Dynamic DNS Tools Server. This is the server side implementation of the DDTP protocol. This is useful only if you want to provide a service similar to the one at ddts.net. You should not install unless you know what you are doing. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dead

adj. 1. Non-functional; down; crashed. Especially used of hardware. 2. At XEROX PARC, software that is working but not undergoing continued development and support. 3. Useless; inaccessible. Antonym: `live'. Compare dead code. From Jargon Dictionary

deadlock

n. 1. [techspeak] A situation wherein two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for one of the others to do something. A common example is a program communicating to a server, which may find itself waiting for output from the server before sending anything more to it, while the server is similarly waiting for more input from the controlling program before outputting anything. (It is reported that this particular flavor of deadlock is sometimes called a `starvation deadlock', though the term `starvation' is more properly used for situations where a program can never run simply because it never gets high enough priority. Another common flavor is `constipation', in which each process is trying to send stuff to the other but all buffers are full because nobody is reading anything.) See deadly embrace. 2. Also used of deadlock-like interactions between humans, as when two people meet in a narrow corridor, and each tries to be polite by moving aside to let the other pass, but they end up swaying from side to side without making any progress because they always move the same way at the same time. From Jargon Dictionary

deallocvt

deallocate unused virtual terminals From whatis

debarchiver

Tool to handle debian package archives. This tool can create a potato like file structure that dselect, apt-get and similar tools can use for easier installation. You just have to place the package files into a incoming directory and the tool does the sorting (if you place the generated '.changes' file there too). OBSERVE! This package will create a cronjob that does the actual sorting. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debaux

Debian Auxiliary Programs This package contains Perl programs and modules to build and publish Debian packages. debaux-build automatically downloads APT sources before building, applies patches and additional sources. It has options to build the packages in an existing chroot environment, check the generated packages with lintian, install the created packages on your local system or turn them into RPM packages. debaux-build has experimental support for downloading Perl modules from CPAN and creating the necessary Debian packaging files. debaux-publish uploads packages and runs the scripts to create the APT sources and packages files on the remote system. debaux-publish doesn't support the pool structure yet. The DebAux::Debconf module provides an easy-to-use interface for the Debconf::Client::ConfModule::get function. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debbugs

The bug tracking system based on the active Debian BTS Debian has a bug tracking system which files details of bugs reported by users and developers. Each bug is given a number, and is kept on file until it is marked as having been dealt with. The system is mainly controlled by e-mail, but the bug reports can be viewed using WWW. This version is fully functional, but it does not autoconfig, see /usr/share/doc/debbugs/README.Debian after installation. Note: there might be some appearance issues where the a display variable doesn't expand as expected. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debbugs-el

Access the Debian BTS from within Emacs This package contains: * debian-bug.el, an Elisp function to submit a bug from within Emacs. * gnus-BTS.el, an enhancement to Gnus to provide buttons on bug numbers seen in Debian-related messages. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debconf

Debian configuration management system Debconf is a configuration management system for debian packages. Packages use Debconf to ask questions when they are installed. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debconf-communicate

communicate with debconf From whatis

debconf-copydb

copy a debconf db From whatis

debconf-getlang

extract a language from a templates file From whatis

debconf-loadtemplate

load template file into debconf database From whatis

debconf-mergetemplate

merge together multiple debconf template files From whatis

debconf-show

(unknown) From whatis

debconf-tiny

dummy package for upgrade purposes This is an empty package which depends on debconf. It exists only to ensure smooth upgrades from potato to woody, and can be safely removed at any time. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debconf-utils

debconf utilities This package contains some small utilities to aid users and developers. There are utilities to help manage debconf databases, others to manage translated template files and a program to communicate directly with debconf from the command line. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debfoster

Install only wanted Debian packages debfoster is a wrapper program for apt and dpkg. When first run, it will ask you which of the installed packages you want to keep installed. After that, it maintains a list of packages that you want to have installed on your system. It uses this list to detect packages that have been installed only because other packages depended on them. If one of these dependencies changes, debfoster will take notice, and ask if you want to remove the old package. This helps you to maintain a clean Debian install, without old (mainly library) packages lying around that aren't used any more. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debget

download/compile source and binary Debian packages debget downloads source and binary Debian packages by name. It doesn't require a local copy of the Packages files, instead it lists directories on the FTP site to find out what versions are available. debget can also optionally unpack and compile source packages, and even install the generated binary packages. If you intend to use these features you should install the devscripts package for the dscverify script it contains. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debhelper

helper programs for debian/rules A collection of programs that can be used in a debian/rules file to automate common tasks related to building debian packages. Programs are included to install various files into your package, compress files, fix file permissions, integrate your package with the debian menu system, suidmanager, doc-base, etc. Most debian packages use debhelper as part of their build process. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debian-cd

Tools for building (Official) Debian CD set Debian-cd is the official tool for building Debian CD set since the potato release. It was formerly called YACS (for Yet Another CD Script). Its goal is to facilitate the creation of customized Debian CD set. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debian-guide

Text from: Debian GNU/Linux: Guide to Installation and Usage This package will install the full text in HTML and PostScript formats from the book "Debian GNU/Linux: Guide to Installation and Usage" by Debian developers John Goerzen and Ossama Othman (ISBN 0-7357-0914-9). You can find the installed items under /usr/doc/debian-guide. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debian-keyring

GnuPG (and obsolete PGP) keys of Debian Developers The Debian project wants developers to digitally sign the announcements of their packages with GnuPG, to protect against forgeries. This package contains keyrings of GnuPG and (deprecated) PGP keys of developers. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debian-policy

Debian Policy Manual and related documents This package contains: - Debian Policy Manual - Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) - Authoritative list of virtual package names - Paper about libc6 migration - Policy checklist for upgrading your packages It also replaces the old Packaging Manual; most of the still-relevant content is now included as appendices to the Policy Manual. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debian-test

Scripts used to run tests against an installed Debian system This package contains tests and the framework to run them, and test provided by other packages to test themselves. The intent is that this should build into a test suite that provides a reasonable level of confidence that a Debian system is working correctly. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debiandoc-sgml

DebianDoc SGML DTD and formatting tools This is an SGML-based documentation formatting package used for the Debian manuals. It reads markup files and produces DVI (via LaTeX), HTML, Info (via Texinfo), LaTeX, PostScript (via DVI), Texinfo, and plain text (with overstrikes a la troff as well as without) files. The LaTeX based output needs the libpaperg, tetex-bin and tetex-extra packages. The Texinfo based output needs the texinfo package. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debianutils

Miscellaneous utilities specific to Debian. Debianutils includes installkernel mkboot mktemp readlink run-parts savelog sensible-editor sensible-pager tempfile which. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debmake

Debianizing Tool and automated binary generation Eases the development and maintenance of Debian Sourcepackages. - deb-make: Generate a debian style sourcepackage from a regular sourcecode archive. Customizes control files. Provides example setup for debstd that is usually usable with minimal editing. - "debstd" which has the following abilities: - Automates compression of documentation, localizes manpages compresses and installs them. - Supports multiple binaries generated from a single source package - Generates maintainer scripts for you and installs all scripts for you in the proper locations with the proper permissions. - Can perform modifications on a variety of important debian config files through generation of proper maintainer scripts. - Runs dpkg-shlibdeps on all ELF binaries for you and generates correct shlibs file for provided libraries automatically. - Checks symlinks to manpages /documentation and redirects them if a file was compressed. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debootstrap

Bootstrap a basic Debian system debootstrap is used to create a Debian base system from scratch, without requiring the availability of dpkg or apt. It does this by downloading .deb files from a mirror site, and carefully unpacking them into a directory which can eventually be chrooted into. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

deborphan

Find orphaned libraries. deborphan finds "orphaned" packages on your system. It determines which packages have no other packages depending on their installation, and shows you a list of these packages. It is most useful when finding libraries, but it can be used on packages in all sections. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debpartial

Debian Packages/Sources file partition tool debpartial is a program to separate Packages.gz and Sources.gz files by size of packages and sources. It can be used in the case of: * creating 1 DVD/CD Debian (source & binary) * creating Debian Daily Diff CD. * separating the debian archive into several harddisks. * mirroring packages only you want (using debmirror etc). From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debroster

A package for use at expos. Debroster starts up an eterm with the Debian logo as the background, with a randomly-ordered list of the current developers scrolling up the screen. Use it to show just how many people contribute to the Debian project - and so why we are so damn good :-) From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debsig-verify

Debian Package Signature Verification Tool This tool inspects and verifies package signatures based on predetermined policies. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debsigs

applies cryptographics signatures to Debian packages debsigs is a program that allows GPG signatures to be embedded inside .deb packages. These signatures can later be verified to ensure the authenticity of the contents of the .deb. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debsums

Verify installed package files against MD5 checksums. debsums can verify the integrity of installed package files against MD5 checksums installed by the package, or generated from a .deb archive. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debugfs

ext2 file system debugger From whatis

debview

Emacs mode for viewing Debian packages After installing, you can use C-d in dired mode to view the .deb file on the current line. Allows both the structure and contents of a .deb archive to be examined. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

debwrap

Wrapper for dpkg/apt-get 'debwrap' is a wrapper program for dpkg/apt-get, which reply questions from each package described in {pre,post}-inst scripts. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

decryption (decrypt, decipher)

The opposite of encryption/encrypt/encipher, decryption is the process of taking encrypted data (called ciphertext) and converting it back to the original plaintext. From Hacking-Lexicon

dedit

Editor Tool with Japanese extension for beginners. The very simple editor with GNOME Environment for beginners. DEdit can handle gzipped files and some Japanese encoded files. (Japanese encode type: EUC-JP,ISO-2022-JP, SJIS) Also can convert Japanese string encode types. Original DEdit is distributed as a Debian native package. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

defaults

The "defaults" are the settings of a system before it has been configured. Key point: Security irritates customers who prefer products that are easy to use. Therefore, most vendors make the same trade off. They ship their systems with the best "out-of-box" experience, and as a result most boxes are easily hacked in their default state. The more a vendor touts its ease-of-use, the more likely hackers will find that vendor's products easy to hack. See also: samples. From Hacking-Lexicon

defendguin

defender clone with penguins "Defendguin" is based loosely on William's classic arcade game, "Defender." Some recognizable stars in the realm of modern operating systems should be fairly obvious. A certain monopoly-owning bad guy has been cloned hundreds of times by an unknown alien race. They are now attacking earth, kidnapping little penguinoids and converting them into mutants. Helping them on their way are some other nasty alien ships, of which there are plenty... From Debian 3.0r0 APT

defoma

Debian Font Manager -- automatic font configuration framework. Defoma, which stands for DEbian FOnt MAnager, provides a framework of automatic font configuration. An application whose configuration of fonts requires users' hand can make the configuration process automated through Defoma, by installing a Defoma-configuration script to Defoma. The script gets called whenever a font is installed and removed, so that the script updates the configuration. Font packages should register their fonts to Defoma in order to have them configured automatically for applications. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

defoma-app

configure a specific application about fonts registered in Debian Font Manager. From whatis

defoma-font

register/unregister font(s) to Debian Font Manager From whatis

defoma-hints

generate font hints. From whatis

defoma-id

Manage id-cache of Debian Font Manager From whatis

defoma-psfont-installer

register fonts installed in a PostScript printer. From whatis

defoma-reconfigure

Reconfigure all from zero. From whatis

defoma-subst

Modify a rulefile of Defoma font substitution system. From whatis

defrag

ext2, minix and xiafs filesystem defragmenter As a file system is used, data tends to become more and more scattered across the disk, degrading performance. A disk defragmenter simply re-organises the data on the disk, so that individual files occupy a single sequential set of disk blocks, and all the free space on the disk is collected together in a single region. Thie generally means that reading a whole file is faster, and disk accesses in general are more efficient. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

degauss

The term degauss means to erase magnetic media. They work by creating magnetic fields thousands of times stronger than that used to store data on magnetic devices, thereby erasing them. Degaussing is a destructive process. It generates a lot of heat which can physicaly damage the device, and it will remove the "low level" formatting that is shipped with the drive. Note that some SCSI hard-drives can be low-level formatted in the field. Best practice: Degauss all floppy disks and hard-drives before throwing them away. A lot of data from corporations have been recovered from defective disks that were thrown away. An equivalent for CD-ROMs is to put them in the microwave. See also: wipe. From Hacking-Lexicon

dejagnu

framework for running test suites on software tools. DejaGnu is a framework for testing other programs. Its purpose is to provide a single front end for all tests. DejaGnu provides a layer of abstraction which allows you to write tests that are portable to any host or target where a program must be tested. All tests have the same output format. DejaGnu is written in `expect', which in turn uses "Tcl"--Tool command language. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

delgroup

remove a user or group from the system From whatis

deliminator

/de-lim'-in-ay-t*r/ n. [portmanteau, delimiter + eliminate] A string or pattern used to delimit text into fields, but which is itself eliminated from the resulting list of fields. This jargon seems to have originated among Perl hackers in connection with the Perl split() function; however, it has been sighted in live use among Java and even Visual Basic programmers. From Jargon Dictionary

deliver

Local mail delivery agent Deliver delivers mail locally. Any user can write a shell (or perl or ...) script that processes each incoming message, possibly filing or deleting it based on content. The system administrator may also install scripts that process _all_ incoming messages. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

delta

The set of changes that RCS records for an RCS file. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

delta

n. 1. [techspeak] A quantitative change, especially a small or incremental one (this use is general in physics and engineering). "I just doubled the speed of my program!" "What was the delta on program size?" "About 30 percent." (He doubled the speed of his program, but increased its size by only 30 percent.) 2. [Unix] A diff, especially a diff stored under the set of version-control tools called SCCS (Source Code Control System) or RCS (Revision Control System). 3. n. A small quantity, but not as small as epsilon. The jargon usage of delta and epsilon stems from the traditional use of these letters in mathematics for very small numerical quantities, particularly in `epsilon-delta' proofs in limit theory (as in the differential calculus). The term delta is often used, once epsilon has been mentioned, to mean a quantity that is slightly bigger than epsilon but still very small. "The cost isn't epsilon, but it's delta" means that the cost isn't totally negligible, but it is nevertheless very small. Common constructions include `within delta of --', `within epsilon of --': that is, `close to' and `even closer to'. From Jargon Dictionary

deluser

remove a user or group from the system From whatis

demo

/de'moh/ [short for `demonstration'] 1. v. To demonstrate a product or prototype. A far more effective way of inducing bugs to manifest than any number of test runs, especially when important people are watching. 2. n. The act of demoing. "I've gotta give a demo of the drool-proof interface; how does it work again?" 3. n. Esp. as `demo version', can refer either to an early, barely-functional version of a program which can be used for demonstration purposes as long as the operator uses exactly the right commands and skirts its numerous bugs, deficiencies, and unimplemented portions, or to a special version of a program (frequently with some features crippled) which is distributed at little or no cost to the user for enticement purposes. 4. [demoscene] A sequence of demoeffects (usually) combined with self-composed music and hand-drawn ("pixelated") graphics. These days (1997) usually built to attend a compo. Often called `eurodemos' outside Europe, as most of the demoscene activity seems to have gathered in northern Europe and especially Scandinavia. See also intro, dentro. From Jargon Dictionary

demo mode

n. 1. [Sun] The state of being heads down in order to finish code in time for a demo, usually due yesterday. 2. A mode in which video games sit by themselves running through a portion of the game, also known as `attract mode'. Some serious apps have a demo mode they use as a screen saver, or may go through a demo mode on startup (for example, the Microsoft Windows opening screen -- which lets you impress your neighbors without actually having to put up with Microsloth Windows). From Jargon Dictionary

demon

n. 1. [MIT] A portion of a program that is not invoked explicitly, but that lies dormant waiting for some condition(s) to occur. See daemon. The distinction is that demons are usually processes within a program, while daemons are usually programs running on an operating system. 2. [outside MIT] Often used equivalently to daemon -- especially in the Unix world, where the latter spelling and pronunciation is considered mildly archaic. Demons in sense 1 are particularly common in AI programs. For example, a knowledge-manipulation program might implement inference rules as demons. Whenever a new piece of knowledge was added, various demons would activate (which demons depends on the particular piece of data) and would create additional pieces of knowledge by applying their respective inference rules to the original piece. These new pieces could in turn activate more demons as the inferences filtered down through chains of logic. Meanwhile, the main program could continue with whatever its primary task was. From Jargon Dictionary

denemo

A gtk+ frontend to GNU Lilypond GNU Denemo is a GUI musical score editor written in C/gtk+. It is intended primarily as a frontend to GNU Lilypond, but is adaptable to other computer-music-related purposes as well. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dep.pl

The dependency analyst. This little script analyses the dependencies of a set of files, and produces a full detailed report or such an output, that can be passed to another program. Comes handy when setting up a chrooted environment... From Debian 3.0r0 APT

depmod

handle dependency descriptions for loadable kernel modules From whatis

deprecated

adj. Said of a program or feature that is considered obsolescent and in the process of being phased out, usually in favor of a specified replacement. Deprecated features can, unfortunately, linger on for many years. This term appears with distressing frequency in standards documents when the committees writing the documents realize that large amounts of extant (and presumably happily working) code depend on the feature(s) that have passed out of favor. See also dusty deck. [Usage note: don't confuse this word with `depreciate', or the verb form `deprecate' with `depreciated`. They are different words; see any dictionary for discussion.] From Jargon Dictionary

deroff

removes roff and preprocessor constructs deroff strips out roff constructs and macros. The preprocessor (eqn, tbl, pic, grap, and vgrind) sections are removed entirely. The resulting output is suitable for spelling with e.g. spell(1). From Debian 3.0r0 APT

deskguide_applet

Desk Guide Applet for the GNOME panel. From whatis

desklaunch

A small utility for creating desktop icons. DeskLaunch is a small utility for creating desktop icons using pixmaps. A simple click will launch the desired application. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

deskmenu

A root menu for X11 window managers DeskMenu is a root menu program which is activated by clicking the root window. It is configured from a .deskmenurc file in your home directory. DeskMenu is useful for window managers which do not provide a menu such as Oroborus. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

desktop-file-utils

.desktop files are used to describe an application for inclusion in GNOME or KDE menus. This package contains desktop-file-validate which checks whether a .desktop file complies with the specification athttp://www.freedesktop.org/standards/, and desktop-file-install which installs a desktop file to the standard directory, optionally fixing it up in the process. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

detachtty

Attach/detach from interactive processes across the network detachtty lets you run interactive programs non-interactively, and connect to them over the network when you do need to interact with them. It's designed for long-running Lisp processes. Unlike screen, it works in emacs comint modes, and unlike qcmu, it deals correctly with passing on a SIGINT sent to it. Needs ssh for operation over the net. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dev

The Red Hat Linux operating system uses file system entries to representdevices (CD-ROMs, floppy drives, etc.) attached to the machine. All of these entries are in the /dev tree (although they do not have to be). This package contains the most commonly used /dev entries. The dev package is a basic part of your Red Hat Linux system and it needs to be installed. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

dev86

The dev86 package provides an assembler and linker for real mode 80x86instructions. You need to have this package installed in order to build programs that run in real mode from their sources, including LILOand the kernel's bootstrapping code. You should install dev86 if you intend to build programs that run in realmode from their source code. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

devfsd

Daemon for the device filesystem This daemon sets up the /dev filesystem for use. It creates required symbolic links in /dev and also creates (if so configured, as is the default) symbolic links to the "old" names for devices. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

devfsd

The devfsd programme is a daemon, run by the system bootscripts which can provide for intelligent management ofdevice entries in the Device Filesystem (devfs). As part of its setup phase devfsd creates certain symbolic links which are compiled into the code. These links are required by /usr/src/linux/Documentation/devices.txt. This behaviour may change in future revisions .devfsd will read the special control file .devfsd in amounted devfs, listening for the creation and removal of device entries (this is termed a change operation). For each change operation, devfsd can take many actions. The daemon will normally run itself in the background and send messages to syslog. The opening of the syslog service is automatically delayed until /dev/log is created. At startup, before switching to daemon mode, devfsd willscan the mounted device tree and will generate synthetic REGISTER events for each leaf node. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

device

In Linux devices are accessed as files which are located in the /dev directory. The entries contains the device numbers used by the kernel. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

device driver

code that controls and communicate with a device such as a graphics card, sound card or other peripherals. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

devscripts

Scripts to make the life of a Debian Package maintainer easier Contains the following scripts, dependencies/recommendations shown in brackets afterwards: - bts: A command-line tool for manipulating the BTS [www-browser, mailx] - dch, debchange: Automagically add entries to debian/changelog files - debclean: Purge a Debian source tree [fakeroot] - debuild: Wrapper to build a package without having to su or worry about how to invoke dpkg to build using fakeroot. Also deals with common environment problems, umask etc. [fakeroot, lintian, gnupg] - debdiff: Compare two versions of a Debian package to check for added and removed files [wdiff] - debpkg: Dpkg wrapper to be able to manage/test packages without su [perl-suid] - debi, debc: Convenience scripts to install a package and display its contents - debit: Convenience script to install a package and run debian-test on it [debian-test] - debrelease: Wrapper around dupload or dput [dupload | dput, ssh] - dscverify: Verify the integrity of a Debian package from the .changes or .dsc files [gnupg, debian-keyring, libdigest-md5-perl] - debsign, debrsign: sign a .changes/.dsc pair without needing any of the rest of the package to be present; can sign the pair remotely or fetch the pair from a remote machine for signing [gnupg, debian-keyring, ssh] - dpkg-depcheck, dpkg-genbuilddeps: Determine the packages used during the build of a Debian package; useful for determining the Build-Depends control field needed [build-essential, strace] - grep-excuses: grep the update_excuses.html file for your packages [libwww-perl] - mergechanges: merge .changes files from a package built on different architectures - plotchangelog: view a nice plot of the data in a changelog file [libtimedate-perl, gnuplot] - uupdate: Integrate upstream changes into a source package [patch] - uscan: Scan upstream sites for new releases of packages [libwww-perl] Also included are a set of example mail filters for filtering mail from Debian mailing lists using exim, procmail, etc. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

devtodo

hierarchical, prioritized todo list manager Manipulate and display a hierarchical (ie "subtasks") and prioritized list of things with a coloured CLI. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dexconf

generate XFree86 X server configuration file from debconf database values From whatis

df

reports the amount of disk space used by the specified files, and by each directory in the hierarchies rooted at the specified files. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

dfm

The Desktop-File-Manager for X11 DFM is a desktop-manager for linux and other UNIX-OS. Files are shown as icons and every folder has it's own window. The desktop-background is a special folder in the home-directory. The idea is to write a filemanager like the OS/2 WPS. Therefore, this filemanager is optimally used together with the window manager icewm and warp3 theme. It also works with well ratpoison or wmaker anyway. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dfontmgr

GUI frontend for defoma, DEbian FOnt MAnager. dfontmgr is a GUI frontend for defoma. You can see the fonts registered to defoma, their hints, their status (which applications they have succeeded or failed to register), the applications using defoma framework, information about the applications and the contents of their id-caches. You can also register a font by drag-and-drop a font file, which will generate as many hints as possible by asking you some questions, unregister a registered font, change hints of and re-register a registered font. If a defoma-aware application uses an id-cache and if there's an identifier conflict (which means some fonts provides the same identifier) in the id-cache, you can indicate which font should provide the identifier. GUI versions of some utilities in defoma and psfontmgr are also installed. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dga

test program for the XFree86-DGA extension From whatis

dgipip

AMPRNet dynamic IPIP encapsulation routing daemon. This package provides both a client and server that implement the AMPRNet dynamic gateway routing protocol devised by Barry Siegfried, K2MF, and others. You will probably only make sensible use of this package if you are an amateur radio operator wishing to operate an encapsulating gateway. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dgpsip

Correct GPS location with DGPS signal from internet Differential GPS is a technique to apply a correction factor from a known location to a GPS signal. This can substantially reduce the uncertainty in the GPS location. Normally the correction signal is acquired using a special radio receiver: dgpsip allow you to receive a DGPS signal via TCP/IP, and send it to the GPS connected to your serial port. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dh_builddeb

build debian packages From whatis

dh_clean

clean up package build directories From whatis

dh_compress

compress files and fix symlinks in package build directories From whatis

dh_fixperms

fix permissions of files in package build directories From whatis

dh_gencontrol

generate and install control file From whatis

dh_install

install files into package build directories From whatis

dh_installchangelogs

install changelogs into package build directories From whatis

dh_installcron

install cron scripts into etc/cron.* From whatis

dh_installdeb

install files into the DEBIAN directory From whatis

dh_installdebconf

install files used by debconf in package build directories From whatis

dh_installdefoma

install a defoma related scripts From whatis

dh_installdirs

create subdirectories in package build directories From whatis

dh_installdocs

install documentation into package build directories From whatis

dh_installemacsen

register an emacs add on package From whatis

dh_installexamples

install example files into package build directories From whatis

dh_installinfo

install and register info files From whatis

dh_installinit

install init scripts into package build directories From whatis

dh_installkpatches

install kernel patch into package build directories From whatis

dh_installlogrotate

install logrotate config files From whatis

dh_installman

install man pages into package build directories From whatis

dh_installmanpages

old-style man page installer From whatis

dh_installmenu

install debian menu files into package build directories From whatis

dh_installmime

install mime files into package build directories From whatis

dh_installmodules

register modules with modutils From whatis

dh_installpam

install pam support files From whatis

dh_installwm

register a window manager From whatis

dh_installxaw

install xaw wrappers config files into package build directories From whatis

dh_installxfonts

register X fonts From whatis

dh_link

create symlinks in package build directories From whatis

dh_listpackages

list binary packages debhelper will act on From whatis

dh_makeshlibs

automatically create shlibs file From whatis

dh_md5sums

generate DEBIAN/md5sums file From whatis

dh_movefiles

move files out of debian/tmp into subpackages From whatis

dh_perl

calculates perl scripts & modules dependencies From whatis

dh_shlibdeps

calculate shared library dependancies From whatis

dh_strip

strip executables, shared libraries, and some static libraries From whatis

dh_suidregister

obsolete suid registration program From whatis

dh_testdir

test directory before building debian package From whatis

dh_testroot

ensure that a package is built as root From whatis

dh_testversion

ensure that the correct version of debhelper is installed From whatis

dh_undocumented

make symlinks to undocumented.7.gz man page From whatis

dhclient

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol which allows individual devices on an IP network to get their own network configuration information (IP address, subnetmask, broadcast address,and more) from a DHCP server. The overall purpose of DHCP is to make iteasier to administer a large network. To use DHCP on your network, install a DHCP service (or relay agent),and on clients run a DHCP client daemon. The dhclient package provides the ISC DHCP client daemon. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

dhclient

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client From whatis

dhcp

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol which allows individual devices on an IP network to get their own network configuration information (IP address, subnetmask, broadcast address,etc.) from a DHCP server. The overall purpose of DHCP is to make iteasier to administer a large network. The dhcp package includes the DHCP server and a DHCP relay agent. You should install dhcp if you want to set up a DHCP server on yournetwork. You will also need to install the pump package, which provides the DHCP client daemon, on client machines. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

dhcp

DHCP server for automatic IP address assignment DHCP is a protocol like BOOTP (actually dhcpd includes much of the functionality of BOOTPD!). It assigns IP addresses to clients based on lease times. DHCP is used extensively by Microsoft and more recently also by Apple. It is probably essential in any multi-platform environment. Multiple Ethernet Interfaces are supported by this DHCP package. You need to run Linux 2.0.32 or later. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dhcpd

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Server From whatis

dhcpdump

Parse DHCP packets from tcpdump This package provides a tool for visualization of DHCP packets as recorded and output by tcpdump to analyze DHCP server responses. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dhcping

DHCP Daemon Ping Program This small tool provides an opportunity for a system administrator to perform a DHCP request to find out if a DHCP server is still running. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dhelp

online help system Read all documentation with a WWW browser. dhelp builds a index of all installed HTML documentation. You don't need a WWW server to read the documentation. dhelp offers a very fast search in the HTML documents. You can access the online help system with the dhelp program or with your browser. The URL to point your browser at is http://localhost/doc/HTML/index.html if you have a WWW server installed or file://localhost/usr/share/doc/HTML/index.html if not. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dhid

Dynamic Host Information System (DHIS) client With DHIS your machine gets a fully qualified domain name under a domain. Your host, even if dynamically IP assigned, may be reached while you are online through a single name recognised on the whole internet. People may, from the outside, connect to your machine's FTP, WWW, IRC, ... server as it is also possible for you to receive emails under that address. Many other purposes may be achieved with DHIS. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dhttpd

Minimal secure webserver. No cgi-bin support! As it doesn't run external programs, this webserver cannot be easily hacked. Does not need a permanent IP Address. Memory efficient. Low profile. Quick. Just transfers files. Can be run from a user account on high ports. No configuration necessary. It just works. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dia

Diagram editor (common files) Dia is an editor for diagrams, graphs, charts etc. There is support for UML static structure diagrams (class diagrams), Entity-Relationship diagrams, network diagrams and much more. Diagrams can be exported to postscript. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dia

Diagram editor Dia is an editor for diagrams, graphs, charts etc. There is support for UML static structure diagrams (class diagrams), Entity-Relationship diagrams, network diagrams and much more. Diagrams can be exported to postscript. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dia2code

a dia-UML to C/C++/Java code generator dia2code is a code generator which uses UML diagrams produced by dia, and turns them into C, C++ or Java files. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

diald

dial on demand daemon for PPP and SLIP. Many sites use SLIP or PPP links to connect to other sites over phone lines. Normally these links must be explicitly turned on or off. diald can be used to bring a SLIP or PPP link up when there are Internet packets to be sent to another site, and to close the link down when it is idle. diald operates by starting a virtual link on a pseudo tty and setting up a route to the resulting interface. This interface is called the proxy. diald monitors the proxy to determine when to bring up a real communications link. When a real link is up diald routes packets from the proxy to the real link and monitors the real link to decide if it needs to be shut down. As well, if the link goes down unexpectedly diald will attempt to reestablish the link. The rules for controlling these operations are extensively configurable in run time startup files. Diald requires that you use either the ethertap interface (available in recent Linux kernels) or SLIP to provide the proxy interface. Thus, one or the other of these interfaces is required for diald to work. Diald needs a program like "chat" or "expect" to actually dial. Sorry, "dip" cannot be used. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dialog

Dialog is a utility that allows you to show dialog boxes (containing questions or messages) in TTY (text mode) interfaces. Dialog iscalled from within a shell script. The following dialog boxes are implemented: yes/no, menu, input, message, text, info, checklist,radiolist, and gauge. Install dialog if you would like to create TTY dialog boxes. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

dialog

Displays user-friendly dialog boxes from shell scripts This application provides a method of displaying several different types of dialog boxes from shell scripts. This allows a developer of a script to interact with the user in a much friendlier manner. The following types of boxes are at your disposal: yes/no Typical query style box with "Yes" and "No" answer buttons menu A scrolling list of menu choices with single entry selection input Query style box with text entry field message Similar to the yes/no box, but with only an "Ok" button text A scrollable text box that works like a simple file viewer info A message display that allows asynchronous script execution checklist Similar to the menu box, but allowing multiple selections radiolist Checklist style box allowing single selections gauge Typical "progress report" style box tail Allows viewing the end of files (tail) that auto updates background tail Similar to tail but runs in the background. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

diatheke

CGI script for making bible website A command line utility for sword, and a cgi perl script that uses the utility to produce a bible browsing/searching website. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dict

Dictionary Client Dict is the client that queries the dictd server. Since it is TCP based, it can access servers on the local host, on a local network, or on the Internet. The DICT Development Group maintains several public servers which can be accessed from any machine connected to the Internet. The default configuration is to query one of these servers first, but this may be changed in the configuration file /etc/dict.conf. Queries may be customized by numerous command line options, including specifying the database(s) to be queried and the search strategy to be used. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dictd

Dictionary Server Dictd is a TCP based server that allows a client to access dictionary definitions from a set of natural language dictionary databases. Ten dictionary databases have been packaged for debian. They are: dict-gcide - An comprehensive dictionary of the English language, based on the 1913 Webster's Unabridged Dictionary dict-wn - WordNet 1.7, A Lexical Database for English dict-jargon - Hacker's Jargon File dict-foldoc - The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing dict-vera - List of acronyms used in the field of computing dict-elements - Chemical and Physical Properties of the Elements dict-devil - "The Devil's Dictionary" by Ambrose Bierce dict-easton - Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary dict-hitchcock - Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary dict-gazetteer - Database of Geographic Data from the U.S. Census These packages are discussed in more detail in the file /usr/doc/dictd/README.Debian.gz Either dict-gcide or dict-wn is essential for a useful dictionary server. It is strongly recommended that both be installed. It is desirable that either dict-jargon or dict-foldoc, or both of them, be installed. The client program, dict, is packaged in dict*.deb If you are running a server, you will want the client for all machines in your network, and for testing server operations. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dictfmt

Utility to format a file for use by the dictd server. dictfmt converts an input file to a dictionary database that conforms to the DICT protocol, and creates a corresponding index file. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

diction

Utilities to help with style and diction (English and German) This is a free implementation of two Unix commands, style and diction. They may help you improve your writing. English and German rules are included. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dictionary (wordlist)

In hacking circles, a dictionary is simply a list of words that plug into cracking programs in order to break passwords. Such dictionaries not only contain real words, but words that people choose for passwords (example: NCC1701, which is the serial number for the starship Enterprise in Star Trek). Key point: It takes only a couple minutes to run through hundreds of thousands of words in a dictionary in order to crack a password. Therefore, never choose a word that may be in a dictionary. Key point: The dictionary files that hackers use are not necessarily the same as English dictionaries. In theory, users will choose the same passwords they have used before, and unrelated users will choose the same passwords. Therefore, lists of passwords users chose in the past forms a key component of hacker dictionaries. Key point: Hackers also run non-English dictionaries, so choosing foreign words isn't a good defense. From Hacking-Lexicon

diff

/dif/ n. 1. A change listing, especially giving differences between (and additions to) source code or documents (the term is often used in the plural `diffs'). "Send me your diffs for the Jargon File!" Compare vdiff. 2. Specifically, such a listing produced by the diff(1) command, esp. when used as specification input to the patch(1) utility (which can actually perform the modifications; see patch). This is a common method of distributing patches and source updates in the Unix/C world. 3. v. To compare (whether or not by use of automated tools on machine-readable files); see also vdiff, mod. From Jargon Dictionary

diff

File comparison utilities The diff package provides the diff, diff3, sdiff, and cmp programs. `diff' shows differences between two files, or each corresponding file in two directories. `cmp' shows the offsets and line numbers where two files differ. `cmp' can also show all the characters that differ between the two files, side by side. `diff3' shows differences among three files. `sdiff' merges two files interactively. The set of differences produced by `diff' can be used to distribute updates to text files (such as program source code) to other people. This method is especially useful when the differences are small compared to the complete files. Given `diff' output, the `patch' program can update, or "patch", a copy of the file. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

diffmon

Tool for reporting changes in system configuration. This tool is run by a nightly cron job, and takes a `diff' of specified system configuration files and emails them to a specified email address. Options to diff can be specified. This is useful in friendly environments where there are multiple sysadmins working on configuration files/setups and everyone's changes are reported. CVS is a better answer, but most of us don't want to have the hassle of putting system files in a repository. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

diffstat

The diff command compares files line by line. Diffstat reads theoutput of the diff command and displays a histogram of the insertions, deletions, and modifications in each file. Diffstat is commonly used to provide a summary of the changes in large, complex patch files. Install diffstat if you need a program which provides a summary of the diff command's output. You also need to install diffutils. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

diffstat

produces graph of changes introduced by a diff file This program is a simple that reads the output of the 'diff' program, and produces a histogram of the total number of lines that were changed. It is useful for scanning a patch file to see which files were changed. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

diffutils

Diffutils includes four utilities: diff, cmp, diff3 and sdiff. * Diff compares two files and shows the differences, line by line. * The cmp command shows the offset and line numbers where two files differ, or cmp can show the characters that differ between the two files. * The diff3 command shows the differences between three files. Diff3 can be used when two people have made independent changes to a common original; diff3 can produce a merged file that contains both persons' changes and warnings about conflicts. * The sdiff command can be used to merge two files interactively. Install diffutils if you need to compare text files. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

dig

DNS lookup utility From whatis

dig (domain internet groper)

A tool for system administrators, dig sends DNS queries at the target server and decodes the replies. It is part of the BIND DNS server from the Internet Software Consortium. It is also popular with hackers because it allows fine-tuned queries to be crafted. Key point: Hackers like to run the following command in order to query the version of BIND: dig -t txt -c chaos VERSION.BIND @ns1.example.com The BIND server supports a kludge whereby a "chaos" "txt" record contains the version number of the server. You can look this up in your script-kiddy version list in order to figure out what scripts this server is vulnerable to. Here are some results I get back from this command: 4.9.6-REL RedHat 5.0 (Hurricane) 8.2.1 Mandrake 6.1 (Helios) SERVFAIL Solaris 2.6 NOTIMP WinNT DNS 8.2.2-P5 RedHat 6.2 A result of "SERVFAIL" means either that the target isn't running BIND, or that it is running a version of BIND older than 4.9.5. The result of "NOTIMP" means the server doesn't implement this type of query, which is returned by Microsoft's server. See also: DNS, BIND. From Hacking-Lexicon

digitaldj

An SQL based mp3 player front-end DigitalDJ is an SQL-based front-end to the mpg123 mp3 player designed for people who want to create an mp3 version of their CD collection. It is designed to work with the Grip ripping/encoding application (but can be used separately). When Grip encodes mp3 files, it will place all of the song information into an SQL database. DigitalDJ can then use this information to create playlists based on a number of criteria. You will need a MySQL server, which can either be on the local or a remote host. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dillo

GTK-based web browser Dillo aims to be a multiplataform browser alternative that's small, stable, developer-friendly, usable, fast, and extensible. Dillo is mainly based on GTK+ (GNOME is NOT required!) Dillo is very fast! From Debian 3.0r0 APT

ding

Dictionary lookup program for Unix This is "Ding" * a dictionary lookup program for Unix, * DIctionary Nice Grep, * a Tk based Front-End to [ae]grep, ispell, dict, ... * Ding {n} :: thing This package needs agrep(1) or egrep(1) as a back end. agrep from the glimpse package is preferable, because it supports fault tolerant searching. You have to install some translation dictionary word list with a word/phrase in two languages in one line with some kind of separator between them. The default configuration of ding uses the German-English dictionary which can be found in the trans-de-en package, but you can use every other translation word lists with one entry per line. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

diploma

Write scientific papers with Debian Debian GNU/Linux is widely used at universities to do research and to write papers with LaTeX. The package diploma contains examples which illustrate the possible ways to do this effectively with Debian GNU/Linux. Each example consists of a source tree where you can do "make" in the top level directory and then the source code is compiled, the measurement data are processed, and the results are converted into nice figures. Then the text is processed and combined with the figures to a print file. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dir

list directory contents From whatis

dircolors

color setup for ls From whatis

dircolors

outputs a sequence of shell commands to define the desired color output from ls (and dir, etc.). From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

dircproxy

IRC proxy for people who use IRC from different workstations dircproxy is an IRC proxy server designed for people who use IRC from lots of different workstations or clients, but wish to remain connected and see what they missed while they were away. You connect to IRC through dircproxy, and it keeps you connected to the server, even after you detach your client from it. While you're detached, it logs channel and private messages as well as important events, and when you re-attach it'll let you know what you missed. This can be used to give you roughly the same functionality as using ircII and screen together, except you can use whatever IRC client you like, including X ones! From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dirdiff

Display and merge changes between two directory trees. Dirdiff can handle up to 5 trees. It displays a main window with a list of the files which are different between the trees, with colored squares to indicate the relative ages of the versions. A menu allows you to display the differences between any two of the versions in another window. Another menu allows you to copy the file from one tree to another. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

directory-administrator

LDAP POSIX user/group manager for gnome. Directory administrator is an LDAP POSIX user/group manager. That, in plain English, means that it will allow you to easily manage your Linux/UNIX users and groups residing in an LDAP database. The 'rules' for this is defined in RFC2307. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dirname

Parse pathname components From whatis

dirname

strip non-directory suffix from file name From whatis

disc-cover

Generates CD-disc covers for jewel-cases Disc-cover generates a Postscript page of an audio cd, using the cddb database. Intermediate tex output is also possible. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

disclaimer

n. [Usenet] Statement ritually appended to many Usenet postings (sometimes automatically, by the posting software) reiterating the fact (which should be obvious, but is easily forgotten) that the article reflects its author's opinions and not necessarily those of the organization running the machine through which the article entered the network. From Jargon Dictionary

discover

hardware identification system Discover is a hardware identification system based on the libdiscover1 library. Discover provides a flexible interface that programs can use to report a wide range of information about the hardware that is installed on a Linux system. In addition to reporting information, discover includes support for doing hardware detection at boot time. Detection occurs in two stages: The first stage, which runs from an initial ramdisk (initrd), loads just the drivers needed to mount the root file system, and the second stage loads the rest (ethernet cards, sound cards, etc.). From Debian 3.0r0 APT

diskd

disk daemon; wait for disk to be inserted TQ From whatis

diskless

Generate NFS file structure for diskless boot. This package comes with two programs, diskless_newimage, and diskless_newhost to simplify setting up and maintaining diskless clients NFS-Root file structure. These programs ask user friendly questions to aid configuration of the diskless system to the administrators preference. Either the diskless-image-simple or diskless-image-secure packages are required to be available (NOT INSTALLED!) in order to use this package. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

diskseekd

disk seek daemon; simulates Messy Dos' drive cleaning effect TQ From whatis

display-dhammapada

Displays verses from the Dhammapada. Displays a random verse (a dhammapada) from an English translation of the Dhammapada. It works similarly to fortune, so you can put it in your shell startup script. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dist

Tools for developing, maintaining and distributing software. The dist package is a set of tools meant to ease the construction and maintenance of portable software. The first component is the Configure script generator, metaconfig, which automatically builds the Configure script from your sources. Ideally, the end-user receiving your source code will simply have to read your README file, run the Configure script (which is self-documented), and then run make. The second component is the Makefile.SH generator, which is a generic configured Makefile, reusing some of the information figured out by Configure, and a generic Jmakefile description. The third component is the RCS aware package generator, which is used when it's time to build up the shell archives used to distribute your program. The fourth and latest component is the patch generator, used to make updates of your sources, which can later be applied on the original distribution by using the patch program. The upstream sources for this packlage may be downloaded from CPAN, like so: http://search.cpan.org/doc/RAM/dist-3.0@70 From Debian 3.0r0 APT

distmp3

Client/daemon for distributed MP3 compression over TCP/IP Client (distmp3) and a daemon (distmp3host) for distributed mp3-encoding across multiple hosts on a network. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

distribution

n. 1. A software source tree packaged for distribution; but see kit. Since about 1996 unqualified use of this term often implies `Linux distribution'. The short for distro is often used for this sense. 2. A vague term encompassing mailing lists and Usenet newsgroups (but not BBS fora); any topic-oriented message channel with multiple recipients. 3. An information-space domain (usually loosely correlated with geography) to which propagation of a Usenet message is restricted; a much-underutilized feature. From Jargon Dictionary

ditty

Allows you to play melodies from your built-in speaker Ditty enables you to play simple melodies from the command line. It does NOT require a sound card, as it can use the built-in speaker to play these melodies just as easily. (Note: in order for the built-in speaker to be used, ditty's stdout must be connected to a tty. Certain terminal emulators, such as xterm, don't support the sound controls. If you aren't using the sound card method, you should generally run ditty from a *real* pseudo-terminal). Some things that may make ditty fun to use are: Adding sound-effects to .bash_login and .bash_logout or other shellscripts. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

divine

Automatic IP configuration detection for laptops A utility to locate current network address via arp requests and perform light reconfigurations based on its findings. "divine" is intended for laptop users or people who use their machines in different networks all the time. It is meant to be run from the PCMCIA network initialization scripts. For more information see: http://www.fefe.de/divine From Debian 3.0r0 APT

djbdns-installer

Source only package for building djbdns The following were taken from various HTML pages under http://cr.yp.to/djbdns.html/ dnscache is a local DNS cache. It accepts recursive DNS queries from local clients such as web browsers and mail transfer agents. It collects responses from remote DNS servers. It caches the responses to save time later. tinydns is a DNS server. It accepts iterative DNS queries from hosts around the Internet, and responds with locally configured information. pickdns is a load-balancing DNS server. It accepts iterative DNS queries from hosts around the Internet, and responds with a dynamic selection of locally configured IP addresses with 5-second TTLs. walldns is a reverse DNS wall. It accepts iterative DNS queries for in-addr.arpa domains from hosts around the Internet, and supplies generic responses that avoid revealing local host information. rbldns is an IP-address-listing DNS server. It accepts iterative DNS queries from hosts around the Internet asking about various IP addresses. It provides responses showing whether the addresses are on a locally configured list, such as RBL or DUL. axfrdns is a DNS zone-transfer server. It reads a zone-transfer request in DNS-over-TCP format from its standard input, and responds with locally configured information. The security of this software is guaranteed by the author. Details of the guarantee can be found at http://cr.yp.to/djbdns/guarantee.html From Debian 3.0r0 APT

djtools

Tools for HP DeskJet printer. These tool purpose is to make better use of the HP DeskJet. They allow to send commands to a printer as well as make better use of the HP DeskJet's text modes. These programs were written for the HP DeskJet 500 series but should work with all printers that understand HP PCL. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dlint

Checks dns zone information using nameserver lookups This program analyzes any DNS zone you specify, and reports any problems it finds by displaying errors and warnings. Then it descends recursively to examine all zones below the given one (this can be disabled with a command- line option). You don't have to feed any BIND conffiles to Dlint. Dlint uses nameserver calls to gather information. Designed for Unix, dlint is written in Bourne Shell and Perl. You may try it online at http://www.domtools.com/dns/dlint.shtml (this server imposes a timeout period; to lint a big zone, you should install dlint yourself and use it locally - that's what this package is for). From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dlint

Internet Domain Name System (DNS) error checking utility From whatis

dlocate

fast alternative to dpkg -L and dpkg -S uses GNU locate to greatly speed up finding out which package a file belongs to (i.e. a very fast dpkg -S). many other uses, including options to view all files in a package, calculate disk space used, view and check md5sums, list man pages, etc. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dmachinemon

Network-wide monitoring suite for monitoring machine status For monitoring a bunch of network-connected computers, dmachinemon is an ideal software. It can be used to show load average, available memory, and top processes running on each machine. Includes convenience scripts, and other tools. dmachinemon-html needs to be available on html-generating system From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dmachinemon-gtkiface

Network-wide monitoring suite for monitoring machine status For monitoring a bunch of network-connected computers, dmachinemon is an ideal software. It can be used to show load average, available memory, and top processes running on each machine. this package contains dmachinemon-gtkiface a GTK+ interface to dmachinemon From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dmachinemon-master

Network-wide machine monitoring suite -- master For monitoring a bunch of network-connected computers, dmachinemon is an ideal software. It can be used to show load average, available memory, and top processes running on each machine. This package includes dmachinemon-master, which needs to be installed on the master system. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dmachinemon-servent

Network-wide monitoring suite -- servent For monitoring a bunch of network-connected computers, dmachinemon is an ideal software. It can be used to show load average, available memory, and top processes running on each machine. This package includes dmachinemon-servent, for servent systems, which often are cluster nodes. A servent system is a node which does the role of a server and a client, providing and requesting information at the same time. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dmachinemon-treeview

Network-wide machine monitoring suite - topology viewer For monitoring a bunch of network-connected computers, dmachinemon is an ideal software. It can be used to show load average, available memory, and top processes running on each machine. Includes network topology debugging (tree structure viewing) suite. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dmail

procmail Mail Delivery Module From whatis

dmalloc

Debug memory allocation library (non-threaded) Drop in replacement for the system's `malloc', `realloc', `calloc', `free' and other memory management routines while providing powerful debugging facilities configurable at runtime. These facilities include such things as memory-leak tracking, fence-post write detection, file/line number reporting, and general logging of statistics. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dmapi

Data Management API runtime environment Files required by system software using the Data Management API (DMAPI). This is used to implement the interface defined in the X/Open document: Systems Management: Data Storage Management (XDSM) API dated February 1997. This interface is implemented by the libdm library. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dmbt

Debian maintainer's bug-tool A GNOME-based tool and a set of perl packages to help a Debian maintainer manage the bugs reported against his/her packages. This software is in the very early stages of development. All feedback will be appreciated. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dmesg

print or control the kernel ring buffer From whatis

dmp

translate Troff output to low-level MetaPost input From whatis

dnet-common

Base package for Linux DECnet This is the base package for Linux DECnet. it contains the necessary configuration files and a script to set up the MAC address of your ethernet card(s) at boot-up. You will also need to be running a 2.4+ kernel and have DECnet either built as a module or compiled into the kernel. To do useful work with DECnet you will need the libdnet package and probably also dnet-progs. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dnet-progs

DECnet user programs and daemons These tools are the application layer interface for DECnet on Linux systems. They provide file/terminal access facilities between OpenVMS and Linux and remote execution of commands. Also included is a Linux version of the VMS "Phone" utility and a VMSMail to SMTP gateway. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dns-browse

Frontends to DNS search. This package provides two programs to make user lookups on DNS servers: dns_tree and dns_browse. dns_tree is a command-line-based front-end to dig. It replaces the several dig invocations necessary to fetch a zone, and it formats the output in a somewhat sensible hierarchical style (a tree). dns_browse is a GUI front-end to dns_tree. It allows point-and-click DNS browsing and makes it easy to expand/compress hierarchies in one or more DNS zones. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dns-helper

Non-blocking name resolver interface. From whatis

dnscvsutil

Maintain DNS zone files under CVS control Maintain your DNS zone files under CVS control, and possibly automatically updating reverse zones. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dnsdomainname

show the system's DNS domain name From whatis

dnsmasq

A caching DNS forwarder. Dnsmasq is lightweight, easy to configure DNS forwarder designed to provide DNS (domain name) services to a small network where using BIND would be overkill. It can be have its upstream DNS servers automatically configured by PPP or DHCP and it can serve the names of local machines which are not in the global DNS. It can integrate with the ISC DHCP daemon to serve the names of local machines which are configured using DHCP. Dnsmasq is ideal for networks behind NAT routers and connected via modem, ISDN, ADSL, or cable-modem. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dnssec-keygen

DNSSEC key generation tool From whatis

dnssec-makekeyset

DNSSEC zone signing tool From whatis

dnssec-signkey

DNSSEC key set signing tool From whatis

dnssec-signzone

DNSSEC zone signing tool From whatis

dnstracer

Trace DNS queries to the source dnstracer determines where a given Domain Name Server (DNS) gets its information from for a given hostname, and follows the chain of DNS servers back to the authoritative answer. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dnsutils

Clients provided with BIND This package delivers various client programs related to DNS that are derived from the BIND source tree. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dnswalk

Checks dns zone information using nameserver lookups dnswalk is a DNS debugger. It performs zone transfers of specified domains, and checks the database in numerous ways for internal consistency, as well as accuracy. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

doc

/dok/ n. Common spoken and written shorthand for `documentation'. Often used in the plural `docs' and in the construction `doc file' (i.e., documentation available on-line). From Jargon Dictionary

doc++

A documentation system for C/C++, IDL and Java DOC++ is a documentation system for C/C++, IDL and Java generating both LaTeX output for high quality hardcopies and HTML output for sophisticated online browsing of your documentation. The documentation is extracted directly from the C/C++/IDL header/source files or Java class files. Here are a list of the highlights: - hierarchically structured documentation - automatic class graph generation (as Java applets for HTML) - cross references - high end formating support including typesetting of equations For more information about DOC++ please take a look at it's home page at http://docpp.sourceforge.net/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT

doc-base

Utilities to manage online documentation This package contains utilities to manage online documentation on a Debian system. If you want to get additional information about doc-base please check out the `Debian doc-base Manual' included in this package. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

doc-central

web-based documentation browser Doc-Central is a tool to browse the documentation installed on your system using their doc-base entries. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

doc-debian

Debian Project documentation, Debian FAQ and other documents The Debian Project is an association of individuals who have made common cause to create a free operating system. In this package, you will find: * Debian Linux Manifesto, * Constitution for the Debian Project, * Debian GNU/Linux Social Contract, * Debian Free Software Guidelines. Additionally provided are: * Debian GNU/Linux Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ), * Debian Bug Tracking System documentation, and * Introduction to the Debian mailing lists. All of these files are available at ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/doc/ and mirrors thereof. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

docbook

SGML DTD for authors of technical documentation DocBook is an SGML vocabulary particularly well suited to books and papers about computer hardware and software (though it is by no means limited to these applications). It has emerged as an open, standard DTD in the software industry, and is used to document many free software projects. This package contains the SGML DTD for DocBook, which describes the formal structure of documents complying this format. If you wish to author XML documents, see the 'docbook-xml' package. It is a part of Debian's SGML/XML infrastructure, along with other DTDs, tools for parsing, validating, and styling, and formatting SGML and XML documents. This package includes the 2.4.1, 3.0, 3.1, 4.0, and 4.1 versions of the DocBook SGML DTD. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

docbook-dsssl

Modular DocBook DSSSL stylesheets, for print and HTML This package enables the use of DSSSL styling (formatting for output) with DocBook SGML or XML files. This package contains two DocBook DSSSL stylesheets, one for "print" output and one for HTML. The print stylesheet can be used in conjunction with the RTF and the TeX back-ends that Jade provides to produce output suitable for printing. The HTML stylesheet can be used to convert DocBook documents into HTML. The stylesheets are modular in design so that you can extend and customize them. Author: Norman Walsh <[email protected]> Homepage: http://docbook.sourceforge.net/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT

docbook-dtds

The DocBook Document Type Definition (DTD) describes the syntax oftechnical documentation texts (articles, books and manual pages). This syntax is XML-compliant and is developed by the OASIS consortium. This package contains SGML and XML versions of the DocBook DTD up toand including version 4.1.2. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

docbook-style-dsssl

This package contains DSSSL stylesheets for converting any DocBook document to another printed (for example, RTF or PostScript) or online (for example, HTML) format. These stylesheets are highly customizable. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

docbook-style-xsl

These XSL stylesheets allow you to transform any DocBook XML document to other formats, such as HTML, FO, and XHTML. They are highly customizable. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

docbook-to-man

Converter from DocBook SGML into roff -man macros. The docbook-to-man tool is a batch converter that transforms UNIX-style manpages from the DocBook SGML DTD into nroff/troff -man macros. This is not the original version by Fred Dalrymple, but one with the ANS modifications by David Bolen. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

docbook-utils

Convert Docbook files to other formats (HTML, RTF, Postscript, PDF) The docbook-utils is a set of a few small programs intended to ease everyday use of technical documentation software and more generally use of SGML and XML. Tasks they currently accomplish are: * jw: convert Docbook files to other formats (HTML, RTF, Postscript, PDF). * sgmldiff: detect the differences in markup between two SGML files. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

docbook-utils

This package contains scripts are for easy conversion from DocBookfiles to other formats (for example, HTML, RTF, and PostScript), andfor comparing SGML files. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

docbook-utils-pdf

This package contains a script for converting DocBook documents to PDF format. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

docbook-website

XML Website DTD and XSL Stylesheets A docbook-derived XML DTD for building web sites. This package includes the xsl stylesheets for this DTD. This version is a customization of the DocBook XML V4.1.2 DTD. Author: Norman Walsh <[email protected]> Homepage: http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT

docbook-xml

XML DTD for DocBook, also known as DocBk XML An XML representation of the DocBook DTD, which is sometimes referred to as DocBk XML. This is a DTD widely used for documenting software and other technical topics. This package ships with the newest DocBook XML DTD, as well as a select set of legacy DTDs for use with older documents. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

docbook-xsl

Stylesheets for processing DocBook XML files to HTML and FO. These are modular XSL stylesheets for processing documents composed with the DocBook XML DTD and its derivatives ("Simplified" DocBook XML, JRefEntry DTD, etc.). The documentation is included in the package. The stylesheets provide XSLT transformations for both HTML and Formatting Object output. The latter can be further processed to a number of print formats using FOP or TeX-based tools. The stylesheets are modular in the sense that you can extend and, to some extent, customize them. Included are extension classes for the Saxon and Xalan2 XSLT processors. The documentation is included in this package. For quickstart instructions, see /usr/share/doc/docbook-xsl/README.Debian Author: Norman Walsh <[email protected]> Homepage: http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook From Debian 3.0r0 APT

docbook-xsl-stylesheets

Stylesheets for processing DocBook XML files to HTML and FO. These are modular XSL stylesheets for processing documents composed with the DocBook XML DTD and its derivatives ("Simplified" DocBook XML, JRefEntry DTD, etc.). The documentation is included in the package. The stylesheets provide XSLT transformations for both HTML and Formatting Object output. The latter can be further processed to a number of print formats using FOP or TeX-based tools. The stylesheets are modular in the sense that you can extend and, to some extent, customize them. The documentation is included in this package. Author: Norman Walsh <[email protected]> Homepage: http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook From Debian 3.0r0 APT

docbook2dvi

(Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to other formats From whatis

docbook2html

(Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to other formats From whatis

docbook2man

(Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to other formats From whatis

docbook2pdf

(Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to other formats From whatis

docbook2ps

(Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to other formats From whatis

docbook2rtf

(Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to other formats From whatis

docbook2tex

(Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to other formats From whatis

docbook2texi

(Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to other formats From whatis

docbook2txt

(Jade Wrapper) converts SGML files to other formats From whatis

docdiff

Compares two text files by character or by word/morpheme Compares two text files by character or by word/morpheme, and output the result in pseudo HTML format. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

documentation

n. The multiple kilograms of macerated, pounded, steamed, bleached, and pressed trees that accompany most modern software or hardware products (see also tree-killer). Hackers seldom read paper documentation and (too) often resist writing it; they prefer theirs to be terse and on-line. A common comment on this predilection is "You can't grep dead trees". See drool-proof paper, verbiage, treeware. From Jargon Dictionary

dog

Enhanced replacement for cat dog writes the contents of each given file, URL or standard input to standard output. It currently supports file, http and raw URLs. It is designed as a compatible, but enhanced replacement for cat. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

domainname

A name "key" that is used by NIS clients to be able to locate a suitable NIS server that serves that domainname key. Please note that this does not necessarily have anything at all to do with the DNS "domain" (machine name) of the machine(s). From NIS HOWTO

dome

calculates and draws geodesic domes DOME is a program which calculates the properties of a geodesic dome symmetry triangle. DOME calculates spherical vertex coordinates, symmetry triangle topological abundance, and chord factors. DOME supports class I (alternate) and class II (triac on) breakdowns for Icosahedron, Octahedron and Tetrahedron polyhedron types. DOME also supports "Buckyball" formations as well as elliptical geodesics. See the Applied Synergetics Homepage (http://www.cris.com/~rjbono/index.html) for image samples and links to other Synergetics Web sites. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

donkey

One Time Password calculator. Donkey is an alternative for S/KEY's "key" command. This means that donkey is also an alternative for "keyinit". Since the entry is printed to stdout (not to /etc/skeykeys), you can easily sent it to remote operator by e-mail (with PGP signature or something). So, it possible to initiate S/KEY without login from the console of the host. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

doomlegacy

A port of the Doom engine that supports OpenGL Doom Legacy features 32-Player multiplayer over TCP/IP, high resolutions, OpenGL rendering, compatibility to most of the other ports extensions, and much more. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dopewars

Make a fortune dealing drugs on the streets of New York dopewars is a UNIX rewrite of the MS-DOS program of the same name, which in turn was inspired by John E. Dell's "Drug Wars" game. You have one month to buy and sell drugs on the streets of New York, the aim being first to pay off your debt to the loan shark and then to make a fortune. And if you have to shoot a few cops in the process, well... The game includes TCP networking allowing you to meet (and shoot) other human drug dealers. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dos2unix

The dos2unix utility converts DOS or MAC format text files to UNIX format. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

doschk

SYSV and DOS filename conflicts check Checks filenames for conflicts under 14-character SYSV and 8.3 DOS limitations. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dosemu

The Linux DOS Emulator DOSEMU is a PC Emulator application that allows Linux to run a DOS operating system in a virtual x86 machine. This allows you to run many DOS applications. - Includes the FreeDOS kernel. - Color text and full keyboard emulation (via hotkeys) via terminal. - Built-in X support, includes IBM character set font. - Graphics capability at the console with most compatible video cards. - DPMI support so you can run DOOM. - CDROM support. - Builtin IPX and pktdrvr support. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dosfstools

Inside of this package there are two utilities to create and to check MS-DOS FAT filesystems on either harddisks or floppies under Linux. This version uses the enhanced boot sector/superblockformat of DOS 3.3+ as well as provides a default dummy boot sector code. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

dosfstools

The dosfstools package includes the mkdosfs and dosfsck utilities, which respectively make and check MS-DOS FAT filesystems on harddrives or on floppies. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

dosfstools

Utilities to create and check MS-DOS FAT filesystems Inside of this package there are two utilities to create and to check MS-DOS FAT filesystems on either harddisks or floppies under Linux. This version uses the enhanced boot sector/superblock format of DOS 3.3+ as well as provides a default dummy boot sector code. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dossizola

An Isola board game with nice graphics. The goal of Do'SSi Zo'la is to block the opponent by destroying the squares which surround him. In each turn, each player must first move to one of the squares adjacent to his current position, and then destroy a square of his choice. The first player who is unable to move loses. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dot file

A file that is hidden from general file browsing partly because it contains important configuration options. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

dot file

[Unix] n. A file that is not visible by default to normal directory-browsing tools (on Unix, files named with a leading dot are, by convention, not normally presented in directory listings). Many programs define one or more dot files in which startup or configuration information may be optionally recorded; a user can customize the program's behavior by creating the appropriate file in the current or home directory. (Therefore, dot files tend to creep -- with every nontrivial application program defining at least one, a user's home directory can be filled with scores of dot files, of course without the user's really being aware of it.) See also profile (sense 1), rc file. From Jargon Dictionary

dotfile

Easy configuration of popular programs through Tcl/Tk interface The Dotfile Generator is a configuration tool, which configures the basic features, and even more exotic features of your favorite programs. It translates information from check boxes, entries, menus etc. to some sort of code (eg. Lisp, C, the configuration language for the fvwm window manager, or any other textual code). This transformation is coded in modules, where the programmer tells which elements are to be shown (a check button, listbox, etc.) and gives some help on each element. With this release, modules exist for configuring bash, fvwm1, fvwm2, tcsh, elm, rtin, ipfwadm, procmail and canna, and they can be found in separate packages named dotfile-<program>. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dotlockfile

Utility to manage lockfiles From whatis

downtime

The length of time a computer is not functioning (down). It is the reverse of uptime. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

doxygen

Documentation system for C, C++ and IDL. Doxygen is a documentation system for C, C++ and IDL. It can generate an on-line class browser (in HTML) and/or an off-line reference manual (in LaTeX) from a set of documented source files. There is also support for generating man pages and for converting the generated output into Postscript, hyperlinked PDF or compressed HTML. The documentation is extracted directly from the sources. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

doxygen

Doxygen can generate an online class browser (in HTML) and/or a reference manual (in LaTeX) from a set of documented source files. The documentation is extracted directly from the sources. Doxygen can also be configured to extract the code structure from undocumented source files. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

doxymacs

E-lisp package for making doxygen usage easier under Emacs. The purpose of the doxymacs project is to create a LISP package that will make using Doxygen from within {X}Emacs easier. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dpasswd

change dialup password From whatis

dpkg

Package maintenance system for Debian This package contains the programs which handle the installation and removal of packages on your system. The primary interface for the dpkg suite is the `dselect' program; a more low-level and less user-friendly interface is available in the form of the `dpkg' command. In order to unpack and build Debian source packages you will need to install the developers' package `dpkg-dev' as well as this one. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dpkg

a medium-level package manager for Debian From whatis

dpkg (Debian Package Manager)

A packaging and installation tool for Internet downloads, included with Debian Linux but compatible with other distributions. It produces files with a .DEB extension. Similar to RPM. From I-gloss

dpkg-architecture

set and determine the architecture for package building From whatis

dpkg-awk

Gawk script to parse /var/lib/dpkg/{status,available} and Packages This script can parse the dpkg database files. It can do regular expressions on the fields, and only get what you want. It can also be made to output certain fields. As an added bonus, there is an option to sort the output. 'dpkg-awk "Status: .* installed$" -- Package Version Status' will output all installed packages, with only the listed fields. 'dpkg-awk -f=/var/lib/dpkg/available "Package:^[aA].*" -- Package Version' will output all available packages that start with the letter 'A.' From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dpkg-buildpackage

Debian source package tools From whatis

dpkg-checkbuilddeps

check build dependencies and conflicts From whatis

dpkg-cross

Tools for cross compiling Debian packages dpkg-cross itself is a tool for installing libraries and headers for cross compiling in a way similar to dpkg. Furthermore, the functionality of dpkg-buildpackage and dpkg-shlibdeps is enhanced to support cross compiling. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dpkg-deb

Debian package archive (.deb) manipulation tool From whatis

dpkg-dev-el

Emacs-related Debian development helpers This package contains the following Emacs-related stuff: debian-changelog-mode.el: a helper mode for Debian changelogs; debian-control-mode.el: a helper mode for debian/control files. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dpkg-distaddfile

Debian source package tools From whatis

dpkg-divert

override a package's version of a file From whatis

dpkg-ftp

Ftp method for dselect. This package provides another method to dselect that uses the ftp protocol to fetch the desired packages from a debian ftp site. To access it select 'ftp' from the Access menu in dselect. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dpkg-genchanges

Debian source package tools From whatis

dpkg-gencontrol

Debian source package tools From whatis

dpkg-iasearch

An interface to find relevant packages in Debian. This package adds some tools to find relevant packages in Debian using simple queries, both in natural language and by keywords. It makes uses of the document-vectoring program arrow, adding scripts to make use of it to index the Packages database, and to make queries on to it. Its functionality is similar to dlocate but uses a different (more useful?) approach to make the binary database. This package is a proof-of-concept package, any kind of improvements are are welcomed, although this idea should be part of a dpkg frontend {T,G}UI. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dpkg-multicd

Installation methods for multiple binary CDs This package provides three new methods to be used within dselect in order to access Debian binary package stored on multiple binary CD ROMS. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dpkg-name

rename Debian packages to full package names From whatis

dpkg-parsechangelog

Debian source package tools From whatis

dpkg-preconfigure

let packages ask questions prior to their installation From whatis

dpkg-reconfigure

reconfigure an already installed package From whatis

dpkg-repack

puts an unpacked .deb file back together dpkg-repack creates a .deb file out of a debian package that has already been installed. If any changes have been made to the package while it was unpacked (ie, files in /etc were modified), the new package will inherit the changes. This utility can make it easy to copy packages from one computer to another, or to recreate packages that are installed on your system, but no longer available elsewhere, or to store the current state of a package before you upgrade it. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dpkg-ruby

ruby interface for dpkg Contains ruby modules/classes for dpkg, the Debian package management system. It also provides dpkg-ruby( a dpkg-awk clone), dpkg.rb (a part of dpkg/dpkg-deb clone) and dpkg-checkdeps.rb (check utility of deb dependency problem) From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dpkg-scanpackages

create Packages files From whatis

dpkg-scansources

prog From whatis

dpkg-shlibdeps

Debian source package tools From whatis

dpkg-source

Debian source package tools From whatis

dpkg-split

Debian package archive split/join tool From whatis

dpkg-statoverride

override ownership and mode of files From whatis

dpkg-www

WWW Debian package browser With the dpkg cgi-bin you can browse Debian packages on a local or remote host using a normal WEB browser. You can list packages, show package information and installed files, browse documentation and navigate through the packages dependencies. You can also find all the packages owners of a file or directory or those providing a virtual package. If you are the system administrator you can also install or remove packages by clicking on the buttons found in the package info page, provided that this feature has been enabled and you have properly configured your WEB browser. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dprofpp

display perl profile data From whatis

dpsexec

Display PostScript Executive From whatis

dpsinfo

Display PostScript Information From whatis

dpsyco

Debian packages of system configurations. Dpsyco introduces the concept of configuration packages. It is a special form of debian packages that is applied on top of the original debian packages. With this you can add users, groups, apply a file skeleton, patch things and more. Observe! No such configuration packages should be uploaded to the debian archives. This kind of things are intended to be created and used by the system administrator only. For more information see http://www.opal.dhs.org/programs/dpsyco/. This tool is very useful if you have a lot of servers on which you want to have similar configuration (but not identical). If you only have one server (or client) this is probably not useful at all. WARNING! Users with UID and GID between 500 and 999 will be automatically administrated by this tool. This means that if you do not have a admin package that set up users these users WILL BE REMOVED. Groups with GID between 300 and 499 will be handled in the same way. YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED! From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dput

Debian package upload tool This script will allow you to put one or more Debian packages into the archive. It includes some tests to verify that the package is policy-compliant. It offers the possibility to run lintian before the upload. It can also run dinstall in dry-run-mode, when having used an appropriate upload method. This is very useful to see if the the upload will pass dinstall sanity checks in the next run. It's intended for Debian maintainers only. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

drac

Dynamic Relay Authorization Control (pop-before-smtp) A daemon that dynamically updates a relay authorization map for some MTA (postfix, sendmail). It provides a way to allow legitimate users to relay mail through an SMTP server, while still preventing others from using it as a spam relay. User's IP addresses are added to the map immediately after they have authenticated to the POP or IMAP server. By default, map entries expire after 30 minutes, but can be renewed by additional authentication. Periodically checking mail on a POP server is sufficient to do this. The POP and SMTP servers can be on different hosts. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

drakconf

drakconf includes the Mandrake Control Center which is an interface to multiple utilities from DrakXtools. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

drakcronat

Drakcronat is an application for scheduling programs to run in the background. It is a Graphical User Interface to Crontab/Cronand At (Unix system schedulers). Drakcronat provides features for beginners as well as sysadmins. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

drakfirsttime

The Mandrake First Wizard is a config tool to help user set up some basics things like themes & window managers, registration at mandrakeclub/mandrake expert the first time you login. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

drakxtools

Contains many Mandrake applications simplifying users and administrators life on a Mandrake Linux machine. Nearly all of them work both under XFree (graphical environment) and in console (text environment), allowing easy distant work. adduserdrake: help you adding a userddcxinfos: get infos from the graphic card and print XF86Config modelines diskdrake: DiskDrake makes hard disk partitioning easier. It isgraphical, simple and powerful. Different skill levels are available(newbie, advanced user, expert). It's written entirely in Perl andPerl/Gtk. It uses resize_fat which is a perl rewrite of the work ofAndrew Clausen (libresize).drakautoinst: help you configure an automatic installation replay drakbackup: backup and restore your systemdrakboot: configures your boot configuration (Lilo/GRUB,Bootsplash, X, autologin) drakbug: interactive bug report tool drakbug_report: help find bugs in DrakXdrakconnect: LAN/Internet connection configuration. It handlesethernet, ISDN, DSL, cable, modem.drakfloppy: boot disk creatordrakfont: import fonts in the systemdrakgw: internet connection sharingdrakproxy: proxies configurationdraksec: security options managment / msec frontenddraksound: sound card configurationdraksplash: bootsplash themes creationdrakTermServ: mandrake terminal server configuratordrakxservices: SysV service and dameaons configuratordrakxtv: auto configure tv card for xawtv grabberkeyboarddrake: configure your keyboard (both console and X)liveupdate: live update softwarelogdrake: show extracted information from the system logslsnetdrake: display available nfs and smb shareslspcidrake: display your pci information, *and* the correspondingkernel modulelocaledrake: language configurator, available both for root(system wide) and users (user only)mousedrake: autodetect and configure your mouseprinterdrake: detect and configure your printerscannerdrake: scanner configuratordrakfirewall: simple firewall configuratorXFdrake: menu-driven program which walks you through setting upyour X server; it autodetects both monitor and video card ifpossible From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

drawmap

draws customized maps, using raw USGS data files Drawmap reads data in the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Digital Line Graph (DLG), and Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) formats. Can also work with SDTS, NAD-83, WGS-84, GTOPO30 data. Using the data in these files, drawmap can produce various kinds of customized maps, including shaded relief maps (with or without roads, streams, place names, and so on) and topographic maps (again, with or without additional features). Outputs sun raster format, portable gray map, or pov format files. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

drb

distributed ruby druby (DRb) - DRb can send message to other ruby script that like Java's RMI. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

drgenius

Interactive geometry program. Dr. Genius is an interactive geometry program especially designed for educational purpose. It had a common history with Dr. Geo and Genius but the calculation part of Genius has be droped because it is unmaintained. It might be replaced by Scheme tools in future. URL: http://drgenius.seul.org/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT

driftnet

Picks out and displays images from network traffic. Inspired by EtherPEG, Driftnet is a program which listens to network traffic and picks out images from TCP streams it observes. It is interesting to run it on a host which sees a lot of web traffic. (Obviously, this is an invasion of privacy of a fairly blatant sort. Also, if you are possessed of Victorian sensibilities, and share an unswitched network with others who are not, you should probably not use it.) From Debian 3.0r0 APT

driver

n. 1. The main loop of an event-processing program; the code that gets commands and dispatches them for execution. 2. [techspeak] In `device driver', code designed to handle a particular peripheral device such as a magnetic disk or tape unit. 3. In the TeX world and the computerized typesetting world in general, a program that translates some device-independent or other common format to something a real device can actually understand. From Jargon Dictionary

drsync

Two-way remote file synchronisation drsync.pl uses rsync to synchronise between two directories (local or remote), but stores state information for files, so that it can be used in both directions, and can cope with files created, modified or deleted in either repository. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dselect

console Debian package handling frontend From whatis

dsh

dancer's shell, or distributed shell Executes specified command on a group of computers using remote shell methods such as rsh. dsh aims to be a distributed shell with speed and efficiency, although it has not reached that goal yet. Something that is pretty handy when setting up clusters. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dsirc

A command-line IRC client. From whatis

dsniff

Various tools to sniff network traffic for cleartext insecurities This package contains several tools to listen to and create network traffic: * arpspoof - Send out unrequested (and possibly forged) arp replies. * dnsspoof - forge replies to arbitrary DNS address / pointer queries on the Local Arean Network. * dsniff - password sniffer for several protocols. * filesnarf - saves selected files sniffed from NFS traffic. * macof - flood the local network with random MAC addresses. * mailsnarf - sniffs mail on the LAN and stores it in mbox format. * msgsnarf - record selected messages from different Instant Messengers. * sshmitm - SSH monkey-in-the-middle. proxies and sniffs SSH traffic. * sshow - SSH traffic analyser * tcpkill - kills specified in-progress TCP connections. * tcpnice - slow down specified TCP connections via "active" traffic shaping. * urlsnarf - output selected URLs sniffed from HTTP traffic in CLF. * webmitm - HTTP / HTTPS monkey-in-the-middle. transparently proxies. * webspy - sends URLs sniffed from a client to your local browser. Please do not abuse this software. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dstooltk

dynamical systems investigation (Tk version) dstool with a Tk front end. dstool is a tool for the investigation of dynamical systems. It is an efficient research tool that integrates a friendly graphical user interface, data management capabilities, a rich set of numerical algorithms together with the flexibility to add more algorithms and communicate data with other programs. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dtaus

Paperless money transfer with German banks on floppies This package contains a library that can read and write German DTAUS files. DTAUS is an acronym for DatenTraegerAUStausch. It is used by German credit institutes in order to transfer commands for money exchanges between accounts. This format is used both between banks and between banks and their customers. One mainly wants to use it to be able to do automatic "Bankeinzuege". This package probably will only be useful in Germany. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dtmfdial

A DTMF Tone Dialer dtmfdial is a DTMF (Dual Tone Multiple Frequency) tone generator. This program generates the same tones that modern "TouchTone" telephones use to dial. This program could actually be used to dial a phone on any phone system which supports DTMF tones. DTMF dial requires a sound card to work, and is designed to be used as a phone dialer from address book programs. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

du

estimate file space usage From whatis

du

tells you how much disk space your files occupy. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

dual homed system (multihomed)

A system having more than one network connection. An example could be a private network within your home, where one system also has a dial-up line. Contrast: The word dual-homed could refer to a router, but is usually used to clarify that the system has multiple network connection, but it NOT supposed to provide briding/routing/interconnection services between them. Dual-home systems are a prime target of hackers because when they are subverted, they provide a prime way to compromise networks. Examples: elliptic curves (ANSI x962, IEEE P1363)[5] Elliptic curves have been found useful for public key cryptography. Contrast: An elliptic curve key of roughly 160-bits is equivalent in security to a RSA or DH key of 1024-bits. Elliptic curve systems are dramatically faster than RSA or DH, which makes them useful in smart-card applications that have anemic CPUs. Certicom (the owner of many elliptic curve patents) recommends a public-key size of roughly twice the size of the symmetric-key to provide equivalent security. Point: While elliptic curves have many advantages (size, speed) over other techniques, they are a lot newer and therefore not trusted. From Hacking-Lexicon

dumb terminal

a display and input device that doesn't process data and input locally. Instead it transmits input to a computer to which it is connected and displays the resulting output. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

dump

4.4bsd dump and restore for ext2 filesystems Dump examines files on a filesystem and determines which files need to be backed up. These files are copied to the given disk, tape or other storage medium for safe keeping. The restore command performs the inverse function of dump. A full backup of a file system may be restored and subsequent incremental backups layered on top of it. Single files and directory subtrees may be restored from full or partial backups. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dump

The dump package contains both dump and restore. Dump examines files ina filesystem, determines which ones need to be backed up, and copies those files to a specified disk, tape or other storage medium. The restore command performs the inverse function of dump; it can restore afull backup of a filesystem. Subsequent incremental backups can then belayered on top of the full backup. Single files and directory subtrees may also be restored from full or partial backups. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

dump

n. 1. An undigested and voluminous mass of information about a problem or the state of a system, especially one routed to the slowest available output device (compare core dump), and most especially one consisting of hex or octal runes describing the byte-by-byte state of memory, mass storage, or some file. In elder days, debugging was generally done by `groveling over' a dump (see grovel); increasing use of high-level languages and interactive debuggers has made such tedium uncommon, and the term `dump' now has a faintly archaic flavor. 2. A backup. This usage is typical only at large timesharing installations. From Jargon Dictionary

dumpe2fs

dump filesystem information From whatis

dumpkeys

dump keyboard translation tables From whatis

dupload

utility to upload Debian packages This script will automagically upload Debian packages to a remote host with a Debian upload queue. The default host is configurable, along with a lot of other things. All uploads are logged. It's intended only for Debian package maintainers. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvb-driver-source

sources for drivers for the Fujitsu Siemens DVB card DVB is a standard for transmission of digital TV and Data over satelite transponders or cable connections. Some DVB cards based on the Fujitsu/Siemens chipset are supported by the linux driver. This package contains sorce code needed to create the driver package. The kernel sources (2.4.9 or newer) must be installed to compile these modules. You will also need the Firmware files for your card, see installation instructions in the package. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvdplusrw

DVD+RW tools This package includes a format utility for DVD+RW media, and some associated tools. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvgrab

Grab digital video data via IEEE1394 links dvgrab receives audio and video data from a digital camcorder via an IEEE1394 (widely known as FireWire) link and stores them into an AVI file. It features autosplit of long video sequences into several files, and supports saving the data as raw frames, AVI type 1 and AVI type 2. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvhtool

Manipulate the volume header on sgi partition layouts This tool is used to manipulate volume headers of devices using sgi disk labels, like moving files into and out of the volume header. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvi2dvi

Tweak DVI files dvi2dvi can: - expand virtual fonts in given DVI files, - change font names in given DVI files, - decompose 2-byte fonts into 1-byte subfonts. With dvi2dvi, you can convert DVI files generated by NTT jTeX to those of ASCII pTeX, and vice versa. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvi2fax

convert a TeX DVI file to G3 fax format From whatis

dvi2ps

TeX DVI-driver for NTT jTeX, MulTeX and ASCII ptex. dvi2ps is another converter of DVI file to PostScript file. dvi2ps can handle NTT jTeX, MulTeX and ASCII ptex dvi files. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvi2ps-fontdata-a2n

Font data to convert ptex's dvi file to jtex's dvi file. Virtual font for converting dvi files of ASCII ptex to dvi files to NTT jtex. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvi2ps-fontdata-bsr

tfm files for bluesky research fonts. TFM files for bluesky research fonts for dvi2ps. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvi2ps-fontdata-ja

Font data for dvi2ps-j and dvi2dvi. Virtual fonts and TFM files for Morisawa fonts, and VFlib. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvi2ps-fontdata-n2a

Font data to convert jtex's dvi file to ptex's dvi file. Virtual font for converting dvi files of NTT jtex to dvi files of ASCII ptex. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvi2ps-fontdata-ptexfake

Fake ptex TFM files Monometric TFM files for min and goth fonts of ASCII ptex. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvi2ps-fontdata-rrs

Font data of Richo LP5100 UX printer. Virtual font and TFM files for Richo LP5100 UX printer. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvi2ps-fontdata-rsp

Font data of Richo SP10 printer. Virtual font and TFM files for Richo SP10 printer. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvi2ps-fontdata-tbank

Font data of Typebank font. Virtual font and TFM files for Typebank font. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvi2ps-fontdata-three

Font data of Adobe Japanese fonts (futomin, futogo, jun101) Virtual font and TFM files for Adobe postscript fonts: FutoMinA101-Bold-H, FutoGoB101-Bold-H, Jun101-Light-H From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvi2ps-fontdesc-morisawa5

fontdesc files of dvi2ps for Morisawa Basic-5 type faces You can convert DVI file with Morisawa Basic-5 type faces of vfdata-morisawa5 to PS file by dvi2ps with this package. You should run 'dvi2ps -F morisawa' for Morisawa Basic-5 type faces. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvicopy

produce modified copy of DVI file From whatis

dvidvi

Manipulate .dvi files. Allows you to select, change the order, and/or shift the pages in a .dvi file. The main use is to print an a5 booklet on A4 paper, in such a way that you can put a staple through the bundle. A shell script that does just that is provided. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvifb

A dvi viewer for framebuffer devices dvifb is a previewer for .dvi-files compiled by TeX. It let's you see what your printed output will look like. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvihp

convert a TeX DVI file to Hewlett-Packard PCL From whatis

dvilib2

a portable DVI interpreter library - runtime DVIlib2 is a library for handling DeVice Independent(DVI) files which are usually generated by TeX. It can be used for the core engine of your DVIware, and thanks to VFlib3 your product will be able to handle various fonts. EPS figures managed by graphicx.sty and Japanese TeX DVI files are also supported. Note that DVIlib2 itself is NOT DVIware. It's just a library. If you are looking for a complete DVI previewer etc., why don't you try xgdvi or spawx11? This package contains the shared libraries and configuration files needed to run programs using DVIlib2. This is a part of the TeX-Guy distribution. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvilj

convert a TeX DVI file to PCL, for HP LaserJet printers From whatis

dvilj2p

convert a TeX DVI file to PCL, for HP LaserJet printers From whatis

dvilj4

convert a TeX DVI file to PCL, for HP LaserJet printers From whatis

dvilj4l

convert a TeX DVI file to PCL, for HP LaserJet printers From whatis

dvilx

A dvi viewer for X dvilx is a screen-previewer for .dvi-files compiled by TeX. It let's you see what your printed output will look like. You can choose between a black-and-white representation and greyscaling. You can choose an arbitrary zoom factor (at some cost of performance). You can set marks to measure distances. You can search for text strings. You may visit lots of DVI files, set bookmarks and get them saved to a startup-file. dvilx does not support pxl-files. dvilx ignores all 'special'-commands and has no font-replacing mechanism. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvipdf

Convert TeX DVI file to PDF using ghostscript and dvips From whatis

dvipdfm

A DVI to PDF translator. Dvipdfm translates files from Donald Knuth's DVI format (commonly produced by TeX) to Adobe's Portable Document Format (PDF). Important features include: \special's that approximate the functionality of the PostScript pdfmarks used by Adobe's Acrobat Distiller; the ability to include PDF, JPEG, PNG, MetaPost, and PostScript (with help from an external program) files as embedded images; support for several \special standards for improved DVI file portability; support for thumbnails (with a little help from GhostScript); re-encoding support for PostScript fonts; virtual font support; support for arbitrary linear graphics transformations; an internal color stack accessible via \special's; beginning of page (BOP) and end of page (EOP) \special's for placing arbitrary PDF stream graphics on every page; partial font embedding and Flate compression for reduced file size; and a balanced page tree and dest tree to improve reader speed on very large documents. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvips

convert a TeX DVI file to PostScript From whatis

dvips-fontdata-n2bk

Virtual font data to process dvi files generated by NTT-JTeX. This package contains virtual font data to convert Dai-Nippon fonts, which are used in dvi files generated by NTT-JTeX, to Japanese built-in fonts in PostScript printer. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvipsk-ja

DVI-to-PostScript translator with Japanese support This localized version of Tom Rokicki's dvips can handle Japanese DVI files. It can even output in Tate-Gaki(means "write vertically") style. This is part of the ASCII pTeX distribution. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvired

print dvi-files From whatis

dvisvga

A dvi viewer for SVGAlib dvisvga is a screen-previewer for .dvi-files compiled by TeX. It let's you see what your printed output will look like. You can choose between a black-and-white representation and greyscaling. You can choose an arbitrary zoom factor (at some cost of performance). You can set marks to measure distances. You can search for text strings. You may visit lots of DVI files, set bookmarks and get them saved to a startup-file. dvisvga does not support pxl-files. dvisvga ignores all 'special'-commands and has no font-replacing mechanism. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dvitomp

convert a TeX DVI file to a MetaPost MPXFILE From whatis

dvitype

translate a dvi file for humans From whatis

dvorak7min

Typing tutor for dvorak keyboards dvorak7min is a typing tutor to help you learn dvorak. Also included are a pair of useful scripts to easily change between qwerty and dvorak layouts. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dwarfs-debian-guide

Dwarf's guide to installing and using Debian GNU/Linux This book by Debian Developer Dale Scheetz covers: - Package Management Tools - Installation - Basic System Administration This package contains the guide in PDF and HTML formats. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dwww

Read all on-line documentation via WWW dwww lets you read all install on-line documentation via a local WWW server. When possible, it converts the documentation to HTML. You need both a WWW server and a WWW browser. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dx

OpenDX (IBM Visualization Data Explorer) - main package Data Explorer is a system of tools and user interfaces for visualizing data. In general terms the visualization of data can be considered a 3-stage process: 1. Describing and importing data 2. Processing the data through a visualization program 3. Presenting the resulting image. This is the main package. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dxpc

An X protocol compressor designed to improve the speed of X11 applications run over low-bandwidth links (such as dialup PPP connections). From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

dynafont

Module for konwert package which loads UTF-8 fonts dynamically. This is a tool which allows displaying texts containing thousands of different characters. It switches console to UTF8 mode and loads required fonts dynamically. It is recommended to use this tool with filterm(1) tool, i.e. by executing 'filterm - dynafont' command or 'filterm - 512bold+dynafont' if you are not using framebuffer. The tool works with UTF8-compatible applications, i.e. lynx(1). There are problems with 8-bit only applications like mc(1). From Debian 3.0r0 APT

dynamic

Create desktop entries for GNOME and KDE when a new peripheral is plugged in the system (mainly USB devices). From Mandrake 9.0 RPM