R

RADIUS

Remote Authentication Dial-In user Service. A standard for authentication and accounting, RADIUS is primarily used to control dial-up access to PPP and other services. The protocal was standardized in RFC 2058, the current implementation is defined in RFCs 2138 and 2139. RADIUS uses UDP packets, older servers use ports 1645 and 1646, the current standard is port 1812 for authentication and 1813 for accounting. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service)

RADIUS allows distributed "modem pools" to use the same authentication server. When a user dials-up to an ISPs, the username/password is transmitted across the Internet to the central RADIUS server. This allows an ISP to easily manage many dialin locations. Key point: Since its humble beginnings, RADIUS has spread to become a generic remote authentication service. For example, it is becoming the desired standard to fix IEEE 802.11 wireless authentication problems. random

RAID

A group of hard disks under the control of array management software that work together to improve performance and decrease the odds of losing data due to mechanical or electronic failure by using such techniques as data striping. RAID implementations, because of their complexity and steep cost, are most often used on network servers. Several RAID levels exist, each with advantages and disadvantages. See RAID level 0 through RAID level 53. From QUECID

RAID

Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks - a method whereby information is spread across several disks, using techniques such as disk striping (RAID Level 0) and disk mirroring (RAID level 1) to achieve redundancy, lower latency and/or higher bandwidth for reading and/or writing, and recoverability from hard-disk crashes. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent/Inexpensive Disks/Devices)

A method of providing data redundancy, improved performance and/or quick data recoverability from disk crashes, by spreading or duplicating data across multiple disk drives. Commonly used RAID types include RAID 0 (Data Striping), RAID 1 (Disk Mirroring) and RAID 5 (Striping with Distributed Parity). RAID configurations typically require SCSI disk drives (not IDE/EIDE) and may require identical drives (same capacity, brand, etc.). RAID arrays appear to the operating system as a single device. From I-gloss

RAID level 0

A redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) scheme that includes data strinping to improve disk performance but offers no protection against data loss due to drive failure. From QUECID

RAID level 0 & 1

See RAID level 10. From QUECID

RAID level 1

A redundant array of inexpemive disks (RAID) scheme involving an array of two hard disks with identical contents. RAID level 1 does not employ data striping, so it offers no speed advantage and is not economical. From QUECID

RAID level 10

A redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) implementation that combines the data striping of RAID level 0 with the data-redundancy of RAID level 1. RAID level 10 array have high performance, but are not economical. From QUECID

RAID level 2

A redundant array of inexprnsive disks (RAID) scheme that uses data striping over an array of as many as a bard disks. Several of the drives in the array have copies of data that exist elsewhere, enabling them to catch and fix errors in the outgoing data stream. RAID level 2 is one of the most popular implementations. From QUECID

RAID level 3

A redundant array of inexpemive disks (RAID) implementation very similar to RAID levels 2, in which the level disks that contain the copies of data that appears elsewhere can detect but not fix errors in the outgoing data stream. Though RAID level 3 is slightly slower than RAID level 2 when errors occur, modern hard disks rarely make errors. From QUECID

RAID level 4

A redundant array of inexprnsive disks (RAID) implementation that distributes copies of sectors across an array of hard disked and uses one drive to check for, but not correct, errors in the outgoing data stream. RAID level 4's sector-copying technique is a special type of data striping. From QUECID

RAID level 5

The most commonly used redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) implementation. RAID level 5 uses a sector-based data striping scheme like RAID level 4, but does ant require a special data-checking disk since it distributes that function across the entire array as well. From QUECID

RAID level 53

A redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) scheme that uses data striping on two separate RAID level 3 arrays RAID level 53 arrays are very fast and quite fault-tolerant. From QUECID

RAID level 6

A redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) implementation that allows two hard disks to fail without loss of data and boasts very good data-reading performance, but also has poor data-writing performance. RAID level 6 is similar to RAID level 5, except that it distributes two copies of the error-checking data across the array. From QUECID

RAM device

is a block device that can be used as a disk but really points to a physical area of RAM. From Rute-Users-Guide

RAM disk

An area of random-access memory (RAM) configured by a utility program to emulate a hard disk drive. Data stored in a RAM disk can be accessed more quickly than data stored on a disk drive, but this data is erased whenever you turn off or reboot the computer. See configuration file, device driver, and RAMDRIVE.SYS. From QUECID

RC File

A script file containing the startup instructions for a program (an application or even the operating system). The file, to be executed automatically when the operating system is started, contains a list of instructions (commands or other scripts) to run. From I-gloss

RC2 (Rivest Cipher 2)

A popular symmetric block-cipher alogirthm created by Ron Rivest>. It allows keys between 1 and 2048 bits, though most implementations limits keys to 40-bits due to historic export controls. History: The algorithm was a trade-secret until it was posted anonymously in 1996 to USENET. Applications: SSL, SET From Hacking-Lexicon

RC4 (Rivest Cipher 4, Arcfour, ARC4)

A symmetric stream cipher developed by RSA Data Security, Inc.. Whereas most ciphers have been optimized for hardware (e.g. DES), RC4 was optimized for software. Applications: SSL, which means RC4 is built into your Netscape and Microsoft web browser. CDPD (Cellular) connections for your Palm modem using OmniSky. Lotus Notes, MS Access, Adobe Acrobat, PPTP, Oracle Secure SQL. IEEE 802.11 WEP Key point: RC4 supports variable length keys (up to 2048-bits), but most uses are 40-bits due to historic export controls. History: The algorithm was a trade-secret until 1994 when somebody reverse engineered it and anonymously posted it to the cypherpunks list and USENET. This reverse engineered version is known as "Arcfour" or "ARC4", which stands for "Alleged RC4". It isn't patented. Therefore, RSA Inc. is trying to move all its customers to RC5, which is both patented and copyrighted. The source code is essentially: while (length--) { x++; sx = state[x]; y += sx; sy = state[y]; state[y] = sx; state[x] = sy; *data++ ^= state[(sx+sy)&0xFF];} RSA Inc. still claims that it is a trade secret; however, due to its simplicity, its description is in virtually all crypto textbooks -- it is the most widely known secret on the net. Key point: RC4 works by XORing the plain-text against a stream of random numbers. Unless a whitening seed is provided at the begining, the plain-text may be recovered. This is a common bug in products. From Hacking-Lexicon

RC5

The successor to RC4. Key point: In order to promote RC5, RSA conducts contests that pay people if they can crack it. The first contest used a 56-bit key, took 212 days to crack by http://www.distributed.net/ using a total of roughly 1-million computers trying all possible 35,000,000,000,000,000 combinations. The message was "It is time to move to a longer key length.", and it was encrypted using the key 0x532B744CC20999. From Hacking-Lexicon

RCS

Overview of RCS. RCS, the revision control system, is a suite of programs that tracks changes in text files and controls shared access to files in work group situations. It is generally used to maintain source code modules. It lends itself to tracking revisions of document files as well. RCS was written by Walter F. Tichy and Paul Eggert. The latest version which has been ported to Linux is RCS Version 5.7. There is also a semi-official, threaded version available. Much of the information in this HOWTO is taken from the RCS man pages. RCS includes the rcs(1) program, which controls RCS archive file attributes, ci(1) and co(1), which check files in and out of RCS archives, ident(1), which searches RCS archives by keyword identifiers, rcsclean(1), a program to clean up files that are not being worked on or haven't changed, rcsdiff(1), which runs diff(1) to compare the revisions, rcsmerge(1), which merges two RCS branches into a single working file, and rlog(1), which prints RCS log messages. Files archived by RCS may be text of any format, or binary if the diff program used to generate change files handles 8-bit data. Files may optionally include identification strings to aid in tracking by ident(1). RCS uses the utilities diff(1) and diff3(3) to generate the change files between revisions. A RCS archive consists of the initial revision of a file, which is version 1.1, and a series of change files, one for each revision. Each time a file is checked out of an archive with co(1), edited, and checked back into the archive with ci(1), the version number is increased, for example, to 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and so on for successive revisions. The archives themselves commonly reside in a ./RCS subdirectory, although RCS has other options for archive storage. For an overview of RCS, see the rcsintro(1) manual page. From RCS-HOWTO

RCS (Revision Control System)

A suite of programs that controls shared access to files in a group environment and tracks text file changes. Generally used for maintaining programming source code modules. From I-gloss

README

A roadmap of your source distribution. By ancient convention, this is the first file intrepid explorers will read after unpacking the source. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

README

Any essential information. This is usually an explanation of what the package does, promotional material, and anything special that need be done to install the package. From Rute-Users-Guide

README file

n. Hacker's-eye introduction traditionally included in the top-level directory of a Unix source distribution, containing a pointer to more detailed documentation, credits, miscellaneous revision history, notes, etc. (The file may be named README, or READ.ME, or rarely ReadMe or readme.txt or some other variant.) In the Mac and PC worlds, software is not usually distributed in source form, and the README is more likely to contain user-oriented material like last-minute documentation changes, error workarounds, and restrictions. When asked, hackers invariably relate the README convention to the famous scene in Lewis Carroll's "Alice's Adventures In Wonderland" in which Alice confronts magic munchies labeled "Eat Me" and "Drink Me". From Jargon Dictionary

REPLY

Set to the line of input read by the read builtin command when no arguments are supplied. From Rute-Users-Guide

RFC

/R-F-C/ n. [Request For Comment] One of a long-established series of numbered Internet informational documents and standards widely followed by commercial software and freeware in the Internet and Unix communities. Perhaps the single most influential one has been RFC-822 (the Internet mail-format standard). The RFCs are unusual in that they are floated by technical experts acting on their own initiative and reviewed by the Internet at large, rather than formally promulgated through an institution such as ANSI. For this reason, they remain known as RFCs even once adopted as standards. The RFC tradition of pragmatic, experience-driven, after-the-fact standard writing done by individuals or small working groups has important advantages over the more formal, committee-driven process typical of ANSI or ISO. Emblematic of some of these advantages is the existence of a flourishing tradition of `joke' RFCs; usually at least one a year is published, usually on April 1st. Well-known joke RFCs have included 527 ("ARPAWOCKY", R. Merryman, UCSD; 22 June 1973), 748 ("Telnet Randomly-Lose Option", Mark R. Crispin; 1 April 1978), and 1149 ("A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams on Avian Carriers", D. Waitzman, BBN STC; 1 April 1990). The first was a Lewis Carroll pastiche; the second a parody of the TCP-IP documentation style, and the third a deadpan skewering of standards-document legalese, describing protocols for transmitting Internet data packets by carrier pigeon. The RFCs are most remarkable for how well they work -- they manage to have neither the ambiguities that are usually rife in informal specifications, nor the committee-perpetrated misfeatures that often haunt formal standards, and they define a network that has grown to truly worldwide proportions. From Jargon Dictionary

RFC

Acronym for Request For Comment, these a broad range of notes covering a variety of topics related to the Internet. RFCs are handled by the IETF and are archived at several sites. From KADOWKEV

RFC

Request for Comments - Standards that define the Internet and how it operates. RFC also refers to the way these documents are discussed and approved by the Internet community. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

RFC (Request For Comments)

The name of the result and the process for creating a standard on the Internet. New standards are proposed and published on the Internet, as a Request For Comments. The proposal is reviewed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (http://www.ietf.org/), a consensus-building body that facilitates discussion, and eventually a new standard is established, but the reference number/name for the standard retains the acronym RFC, e.g. the official standard for e-mail message formats is RFC 822. From Matisse

RFCs

An indispensable source of information for serious administrators or developers is the RFCs. RFC stands for Request For Comments. RFCs are Internet standards written by authorities to define everything about Internet communication. Very often, documentation will refer to RFCs. From Rute-Users-Guide

RFCs (Request for Comments)

An Internet publication that constitutes the chief means by which standards are promulgated (although not all RFCs contain new standards). More than 1,000 RFCs are accessible from network information centers (NIC). The publication of RTFs is currently controlled by the Internet Architecture Board (IAB). From QUECID

RFS

Remote File Sharing. Like NFS, a program that lets you treat files on another computer in more or less the same way as you treat files on your own computer. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

RFS (Remote File Sharing)

A program that lets the user access files on another computer as if they were on the user's system. From I-gloss

RIMiGate

RIMiGate is a floppy-based Linux distribution for running WA4DSY's aprsd. Its goal is to make it easy to deploy igates for the APRS project. Version 0.2 was released April 4, 2003. From LWN Distribution List

ROOT Linux

ROOT Linux is an advanced GNU/Linux operating system. It aims to be fast, stable and flexible. ROOT Linux is not recommended as a first Linux distribution. People should have experience with Linux and computers in general. Version 1.3 was released August 27, 2002. From LWN Distribution List

RPC

Remote Procedure Call. RPC routines allow C programs to make procedure calls on other machines across the network. When people talk about RPC they most often mean the Sun RPC variant. From NIS HOWTO

RPC (Remote Procedure Call)

A popular UNIX network protocol, RPC allows programs on one machine to make a "procedure" call on another machine. The upshot of this is that you could split a program in two halves, each part running on a separate machine. The procedure calls are invisibly mapped so that the programmer doesn't have to worry about the details. Contrast: The oldest form of RPC in use is Sun's RPC, upon which many famous protocols (such as NFS) are based. A newer form known as DCE RPC is used by Microsoft as the basis for its RPC services. The DCE version is dramatically more complex than the Sun variant, but supplies more services (such as built-in security). History: In the year 1999 (and early 2000), a wave of hacker attacks against Sun's RPC services swept the net. Virtually any Sun box connected to the net whose default RPC services were enabled, was hackable. Many Linux boxes were also hackable through RPC-based services. Virtually all of these attacks where through buffer overflow exploits. Example: Some RPC services are: portmapper Forms the core of the RPC system allowing a client to find servers. NFS This is the best known of all RPC services. Virtually all "file servers" use either Sun's NFS (in the UNIX world) or Microsoft's SMB (in the Windows world). Whenever one UNIX system is sharing a filesystem with another UNIX system, you can bet that they are using NFS. The name "NFS" means both the specific protocol called "NFS", but also the entire suite of supporting protocols like "mountd", "statd", and "lockd". rpc.mountd The "mount" sub-protocol of the NFS suite is used by a client to connect to the file service. It is named after the "mount" command in UNIX that is used to connect any filesystem into the main directory structure. This includes not only remote filesystems from NFS, but also floppy disks, CD-ROM drives, other partitions on the same hard-disk, or other hard-disks. Exploit: In 1998/1998 timeframe, a buffer-overflow in a Linux rpc.mountd implementation led to widespread compromises. See also: showmount rpc.statd Monitors the status of files; bugs in Linux and Solaris version have led to widespread exploits in 1998 through 2001. From Hacking-Lexicon

RPC (Remote Procedure Calls)

It enables a system to make calls to progams such as NFS across the network transparently, enabling each system to interpret the calls as if they were local. In this case, it would make exported filesystems appear as thought they were local.

RPG

Report Program Generator - A system produced by IBM in 1965 for easy production of sophisticated large system reports. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

RPM (RPM Package Manager)

A packaging and installation tool for Internet downloads, included with some Linux distributions. It produces files with a .RPM extension. Similar to Dpkg. From I-gloss

RPN (Reverse Polish Notation)

A means of describing mathematical operations that makes calculations easier for computers. Many compilers convert arithmetic expressions into RPN. In RPN, the expression ''a b +'' adds the variables a and b, and would be written as ''a + b'' in standard notation. Synonymous with Polish notation. From QUECID

RSA

RSA is the name of the most prevalent public/private key algorithm. It is also the name of the company (RSA Security) that originally held the patent rights to this system. It was invented in 1977 by Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman. Details: In order to generate the keys: First, some random data is generated. Most of the successful attacks against RSA implementations have been against this step. Two large primes are randomly chosen. This can be a time consuming step as the computer randomly generates numbers and tests to see if they are prime. These two numbers are traditionally called p and q. The two numbers are multiplied together, n = pq. We will be publishing n as part of the public-key. The security of RSA lies in the fact that it is computationally too difficult to factor n back into p and q. (However, somebody may in the future discover a way to easily factor large numbers, in which case all of today's cryptography will be rendered useless in one fell swoop). A number e is chosen, where e is less than n and "relatively prime" (no common factors) to (p-1)(q-1). The public-key will consist of the pair (n,e). A number d is chosen, where (ed-1) is divisible by (p-1)(q-1). The private-key consists of the pair (n,d). Usually, the original prime numbers p and q are discarded after this step. The numbers n, e, and d are of interest because they serve as fields within digital certificates. Details: In order to encrypt/decrypt something using RSA, the following algorithm is used. Start with the original message called m. Note that in reality, we've already encrypted the real message with a randomly generated symmetric key, and we really are just encrypting this key to send along with the encrypted message. Public-key cryptography is generally used for key-exchange because it is too slow for general-purpose encryption. Therefore, m is really just a small 128-bit key rather than the entire message. Create the ciphertext c using the equation c = me mod n, where (n,e) are the public-key. Send the ciphertext message c. Upon reception, use the equation m = cd mod n, where (n,d) is the private-key and m is the decrypted message. (Again, this is usually just the symmetric key that we will use to decrypt the actual message). Point: RSA forms the basis for X.509 certificates in web servers and browsers. Key point: RSA Security charges a hefty license to use the RSA algorithm. However, the patent expires in September of the year 2000. At that time, the number of products using the RSA algorithm are likely to explode. Key point: An alternative to RSA is the "Diffie-Hellman" algorithm. This is used in many cases, but it is hampered by the fact that many products that could use it (like Netscape and Microsoft browsers) do not; for interoperability you often need to use RSA over DH. History: When exporting RSA was illegal, a popular form of disobedience would be to wear T-shirts with the algorithm or us it as part of your .sig. #!/bin/perl -sp0777i<X+d*lMLa^*lN%0]dsXx++lMlN/dsM0<j]dsj $/=unpack('H*',$_);$_=`echo 16dio\U$k"SK$/SM$n\EsN0p[lN*1lK[d2%Sa2/d0$^Ixp"|dc`;s/\W//g;$_=pack('H*',/((..)*)$/) Applications: PGP, SSL, SET, DNSSEC, SSH See also: DSA From Hacking-Lexicon

RSAREF

RSA Reference Implementation. This was a fairly open implementation of the RSA algorithm that has been embedded into many problems. This is not the source code that RSA sells to vendors, but an open-source version that has been imbedded within freeware/open-source products (like ssh). A patent-license is still required when using this code in commercial products, though. Key point: RSAREF has been supported by RSA (the company) for a long time, and a number of security holes have been found in this implementation. RSA wants people to use the BSAFE development kit instead. In late 1999 in particular, a bug was found that allows ssh to be hacked. From Hacking-Lexicon

RTF (Rich Text Format)

A text formatting standard developed by Microseft Corporation that allows a wordprocrssing program to create a file encoded with all the document's formatting instructions, but without using any special hidden codes. An RTF-encoded document can be transmitted over telecommunications links or read by another RTF-compatible word processing program, without loss of the formatting. From QUECID

RTLinux

FSMLabs makes RTLinux, providing hard real-time solutions. From LWN Distribution List

RU.nix

RU.nix is devoted to running Linux on the PlayStation and on MIPS. Some of the site is in English, but to get real information you will need to read the Russian pages. Last entry dated January 22, 2003. From LWN Distribution List

RUNT

RUNT (ResNet USB Network Tester) is Slackware Linux designed to run off of a 128 MB USB pen drive. It consists of a boot floppy image and a zip file, similar to zipslack. It is intended to be a fairly complete Linux installation for use as a testing tool capable of booting on any x86 computer with a USB port and a bootable floppy drive. RUNT 0.92, the initial version, was released November 27, 2002. Version 1.11 was released May 5, 2003. A 'special purpose/mini' distribution. From LWN Distribution List

Rabid Squirrel Linux

Development on this distribution appears to have ceased early in 2000. Distribution development is not all that active. From LWN Distribution List

Raymond, Eric

a software developer who has written a number of important Open Source programs including fetchmail and sed. Eric also maintains 8 FAQs, amd has written a number of influential papers including The Cathedral and the Bazaar: an analysis of how and why the Linux development model works. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

Rdev

A utility for obtaining information about a Linux system. It is used to query and set the image root device, the video mode, the swap device and a RAM disk. From I-gloss

Real World

n. 1. Those institutions at which `programming' may be used in the same sentence as `FORTRAN', `COBOL', `RPG', `IBM', `DBASE', etc. Places where programs do such commercially necessary but intellectually uninspiring things as generating payroll checks and invoices. 2. The location of non-programmers and activities not related to programming. 3. A bizarre dimension in which the standard dress is shirt and tie and in which a person's working hours are defined as 9 to 5 (see code grinder). 4. Anywhere outside a university. "Poor fellow, he's left MIT and gone into the Real World." Used pejoratively by those not in residence there. In conversation, talking of someone who has entered the Real World is not unlike speaking of a deceased person. It is also noteworthy that on the campus of Cambridge University in England, there is a gaily-painted lamp-post which bears the label `REALITY CHECKPOINT'. It marks the boundary between university and the Real World; check your notions of reality before passing. This joke is funnier because the Cambridge `campus' is actually coextensive with the center of Cambridge town. See also fear and loathing, mundane, and uninteresting. From Jargon Dictionary

Real time OS

a real-time operating system is able to execute all of its tasks without violating specified timing constraints. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

Recovery Is Possible! (RIP)

RIP is a CD or floppy boot/rescue/backup system. It has support for a lot of filesystem types (Reiserfs, ext2/3, iso9660, UDF, XFS, JFS, UFS, HPFS, MINIX, MS DOS, NTFS, UMSDOS, and VFAT) and contains a bunch of utilities for system recovery. It might also be possible to install and boot it from a LS-120 floppy drive. It has been designed for non-networked stand-alone home PC hard drive booting and rescue. Only the CD version has UDF/HPFS/MINIX/XFS/JFS filesystem support. V51 was released March 21, 2002. V53 was released June 15, 2003. A 'special purpose/mini' distribution. From LWN Distribution List

Red Flag

Red Flag also claims to be the leading Linux OS provider in China. Redflag Linux Desktop 3.2 beta was released August 12, 2002. From LWN Distribution List

Red Hat Linux

Red Hat, Inc. is perhaps the best known distribution. Red Hat Linux 9 became available to Red Hat Network subscribers on March 31, 2003 and generally available on April 7, 2003. From LWN Distribution List

RedBlue Linux

Esfia, Inc. is based in Taipei, Taiwan. Its RedBlue Linux is used in the company's BlueTooth enabled PDA. From LWN Distribution List

RedHawk Linux

Concurrent Computer Corporation's RedHawk Linux is not a mini-distribution, but as a full featured real-time distribution, it is somewhat specialized. It's an industry-standard, POSIX-compliant, real-time version of Linux, based on the Red Hat Linux distribution. RedHawk features high I/O throughput, fast response to external events, and optimized interprocess communication. Version 1.3 was released May 22, 2003. A 'special purpose/mini' distribution. From LWN Distribution List

RedIce-Linux

REDSonic's REDICE-Linux is a real-time Linux kernel, designed to support mission and time critical applications and provide quality of service to your system. From LWN Distribution List

Redirection Symbol

The > keyboard character. It is often used to send the output from a command to a text file. For example, ls -a > output.txt sends the current directory list to a file called output.txt. Repeating the command will replace the content of the file with new data. (Also, see Append Symbol and Piping Symbol.) From I-gloss

Regular Expressions

A regular expression is a sequence of characters that forms a template used to search for strings [Words, phrases, or just about any sequence of characters. ] within text. In other words, it is a search pattern. To get an idea of when you would need to do this, consider the example of having a list of names and telephone numbers. If you want to find a telephone number that contains a 3 in the second place and ends with an 8, regular expressions provide a way of doing that kind of search. Or consider the case where you would like to send an email to fifty people, replacing the word after the ``Dear'' with their own name to make the letter more personal. Regular expressions allow for this type of searching and replacing. From Rute-Users-Guide

Relative vs. Absolute Pathnames

Commands can be given file name arguments in two ways. If you are in the same directory as the file (i.e., the file is in the current directory), then you can just enter the file name on its own (e.g., cp my_file new_file). Otherwise, you can enter the full path name, like cp /home/jack/my_file /home/jack/new_file. Very often administrators use the notation ./my_file to be clear about the distinction, for instance, cp ./my_file ./new_file. The leading ./ makes it clear that both files are relative to the current directory. File names not starting with a / are called relative path names, and otherwise, absolute path names. From Rute-Users-Guide

Relax Linux

Relax Linux is a free Linux distribution targeted towards desktop users. It has compiler tools and glibc2.1, you can install to a dos loop image (safer for you windows users) or to a seperate ext2 partition. It's easy to install and the whole thing fully installed is less than 350 megs. A small disk distribution. From LWN Distribution List

Repairlix

Repairlix is a networked Linux distribution/bootable system intended to fit in 12MB of media - so small that an image can be burned onto a business-card-sized shaped CDROM, suitable for your wallet. It has a suite of utilities for doing system recovery. A CD-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List

Rlogin

Rlogin starts a terminal session on a remote host. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

Rm

The Unix command. To delete a file from a directory. From KADOWKEV

Rmdir

The Unix command. To delete a directory. From KADOWKEV

Rock Linux

This is a source based distribution. Rock Linux comes in a variety of flavors, from the Rock Linux massive parallel project (cluster) to the rocksolid credit card rocklinux, with the dROCK desktop in between. Rock Linux version 2.0.0-beta6 was released June 25, 2003. The dRock desktop distribution released version 2.0.0-beta6 on June 24, 2003. From LWN Distribution List

Rockridge extensions

They are an add-on to the traditional ISO 9660 format. These extensions are necessary to handle the long file names and deeply nested directories frequently used in Linux programs. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

Root Operator

The user ID with authority to perform all system-level tasks. (Also called Superuser.) From I-gloss

Root Window

The underlying session in which the Linux desktop runs. From I-gloss

Root directory

The top-level directory created when you format the disk. From QUECID

Rot-13

A simple encryption technique that offsets each character by 13 place (so that an e becomes an r, for example). From QUECID

Rot-13

A simple form of encryption in which the letters A-M are transposed with the letters L-Z, often used in Usenet postings of offensive jokes to prevent people from accidentally reading a disturbing message. From KADOWKEV

Router

A special-purpose computer (or software package) that handles the connection between 2 or more Packet-Switched networks. Routers spend all their time looking at the source and destination addresses of the packets passing through them and deciding which route to send them on. See also: Network, Packet Switching. From Matisse

Royal Linux

Integrated Software & Devices Corporation (ISDCorp) has focused on porting Linux to the ARM, MIPS and Motorola RISC-based processors to reduce the cost and footprint of products utilizing these chips. ISDCorp was acquired by LynuxWorks. From LWN Distribution List

RunOnCD

Use Linux without the installation. Version 2.1 of RunOnCD is based on Red Hat 7.1. This site is mostly in Korean, with some English. Version 2.1 is dated December 7, 2001. A CD-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List

RxLinux

RxLinux seeks to centralize configuration and management of multiple Linux servers. A Web interface is used to build custom ISO CD-ROMs dedicated for specific servers. Servers, also called rxnodes, boot up from that CD-ROM and get the rest of the configuration and software from a master server. No administration is done directly on the nodes; everything is controlled from the master servers. When the rxnode has finished booting up and all software is running, it is completely independent from the rxmaster until the next reboot. The initial version, 1.0 beta1 was released July 5, 2002. Version 1.3.3 was released April 5, 2003. A CD-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List

r-base

GNU R statistical computing language and environment R is `GNU S' - A language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. R is similar to the award-winning S system, which was developed at Bell Laboratories by John Chambers et al. It provides a wide variety of statistical and graphical techniques (linear and nonlinear modelling, statistical tests, time series analysis, classification, clustering, ...). R is designed as a true computer language with control-flow constructions for iteration and alternation, and it allows users to add additional functionality by defining new functions. For computationally intensive tasks, C, C++ and Fortran code can be linked and called at run time. S is the statistician's Matlab and R is to S what Octave is to Matlab. This packages is a meta-package which eases the transition from the pre-1.5.0 package setup with its larger r-base package. Once installed, it can be safely removed and apt-get will automatically upgrade its components during future upgrades. Providing this packages gives a way to users to then only install r-base-core (but not, say, r-base-latex) if they so desire. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

r-gnome

GNU R Gnome gui for statistical computing system R is `GNU S' - A language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. R is similar to the award-winning S system, which was developed at Bell Laboratories by John Chambers et al. It provides a wide variety of statistical and graphical techniques (linear and nonlinear modelling, statistical tests, time series analysis, classification, clustering, ...). R is designed as a true computer language with control-flow constructions for iteration and alternation, and it allows users to add additional functionality by defining new functions. For computationally intensive tasks, C, C++ and Fortran code can be linked and called at run time. This package provides the dynamic link libraries needed to start GNU R with the GNOME libraries frontend as in "R --gui=GNOME" From Debian 3.0r0 APT

r-mathlib

GNU R standalone mathematics library R is `GNU S' - A language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. R is similar to the award-winning S system, which was developed at Bell Laboratories by John Chambers et al. It provides a wide variety of statistical and graphical techniques (linear and nonlinear modelling, statistical tests, time series analysis, classification, clustering, ...). R is designed as a true computer language with control-flow constructions for iteration and alternation, and it allows users to add additional functionality by defining new functions. For computationally intensive tasks, C, C++ and Fortran code can be linked and called at run time. This packages provides the libRmath shared and static libraries which can be called from standalone C or C++ code. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

r-recommended

GNU R collection of recommended packages R is `GNU S' - A language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. R is similar to the award-winning S system, which was developed at Bell Laboratories by John Chambers et al. It provides a wide variety of statistical and graphical techniques (linear and nonlinear modelling, statistical tests, time series analysis, classification, clustering, ...). This Debian package contains the R packages that are recommended by the upstream R core team as part of a complete R distribution. It comprises the following packages: - KernSmooth: Functions for kernel smoothing for Wand & Jones (1995) - VR: The MASS, class, nnet and spatial libraries from Venables and Ripley, `Modern Applied Statistics with S-PLUS' (3rd edition). - boot: Bootstrap R (S-Plus) Functions from the book "Bootstrap Methods and Their Applications" by A.C. Davison and D.V. Hinkley (1997). - cluster: Functions for clustering (by Rousseeuw et al.) - foreign: Read data stored by Minitab, S, SAS, SPSS, Stata, ... - grid: The grid graphics package (required by lattice) - lattice: Implementation of Trellis (R) graphics - mgcv: Multiple smoothing parameter estimation and GAMs by GCV - nlme: Linear and nonlinear mixed effects models - rpart: Recursive partitioning and regression trees - survival: Survival analysis, including penalised likelihood. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

racc

A generator of LALR parser written by Ruby Racc is LALR(1) parser generator coded for Ruby. Written by Ruby and output Ruby source. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

racc-runtime

Runtime library for parser which is generated by Racc. Runtime library for parser which is generated by Racc. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

raccess

Security Tool to audit remote systems Remote Access Session is a security tool to analyze the integrity of systems. The program tries to gain access to a system using the most advanced techniques of remote intrusion. It lets to work on normal mode (fast) and hard mode (more intensive). There is a big difference between "Remote Access Session" and other remote security audit tools: If "Remote Access Session" find a remote vulnerability that gives user account or root, it will try to exploit it and it will return a shell in order to discard false positives. It is actually under development and it just has a few features of the future final version: *Advanced scanning capabilities. This tool doesn't block against firewall and it's fast. *Total service's banner info added: Includes web server detection version and named version, and the classical too (ftp, pop ...) *Writes reports with info of the host analyzed to the hard disk. *Remote OS detect feature with QueSO. *If detects any vulnerability, the tool chooses the right exploits based on version, vendor and OS of the services that run on the remote host and ask you on a interactive way if you want to run these exploits in order to check the real danger the remote host can receive and discard false positives. Includes 69 remote exploits for various OS and services. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

raccess4vbox3

DTMF support and utilities for vbox3 raccess4vbox3 provides initial configuration of vbox3, support for DTMF, and comes as a sample answering machine with remote access mode plus example modes for remote control of the system. A set of american voice sound files created with festival is included. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

race

A 3D arcade overhead car game. Race is a 3D racing game where you compete against computer opponents. The objective is to finish first. The setting is mostly off-road. This package contains the executable. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

radio

ncurses-bases radio application This is a ncurses-based radio application. It supports the video4linux API. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

radioclk

simple ntp refclock daemon for MSF/WWVB/DCF77 time signals radioclkd takes the demodulated time signals from simple MSF/WWVB/DCF77 time signal receivers on the DCD line of a serial port, decodes the signals, and provides an interface to ntp via the shared memory refclock driver. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

radiusclient1

/bin/login replacement which uses the RADIUS protocol for authentication. Radiusclient is a /bin/login replacement which gets called by a getty to log in a user and to setup the user's login environment. Normal login programs just check the login name and password which the user entered against the local password file (/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow). In contrast to that Radiusclient also uses the RADIUS protocol to authenticate the user. This is the main binary archive. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

radiuscontext

Radius log parser and report generator. Parses radius detail logfiles and generates pretty reports in plaintext, html, or csv. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

radiusd-cistron

Radius server written by Cistron. RADIUS is a means of managing clients' access to network services, and is described by RFCs 2865 to 2869. This GPLed Radius server is not based on any Livingston code. It is compatible with the Livingston-2.01 server though. Over radius-2.01, it has support for Exec-Program on authentication, it is possible to limit the number of concurrent logins reliably, it has tagged attribute support, it can replicate accounting packets, and more. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

radiusd-livingston

Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) server Provides the RADIUS server from Lucent Technologies Inc, formerly Livingston Enterprises Inc. RADIUS is a means of managing clients' access to network services, and is described by RFCs 2865 to 2869. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

radvd

Router Advertisement Daemon IPv6 has a lot more support for autoconfiguration than IPv4. But for this autoconfiguration to work on the hosts of a network, the routers of the local network have to run a program which answers the autoconfiguration requests of the hosts. On Linux this program is called radvd, which stands for Router ADVertisement Daemon. This daemon listens to router solicitations (RS) and answers with router advertisement (RA). Furthermore unsolicited RAs are also sent from time to time. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

raidtools

The raidtools package includes the tools you need to set up and maintain a software RAID device (using two or more disk drives in combination for fault tolerance and improved performance) on a Linux system. It only works with Linux 2.2 kernels and later, or with a 2.0 kernel specifically patched with newer RAID support. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

raidtools

Utilities to support 'old-style' RAID disks The Multiple Device driver's main goal is to group several disks or partitions together, making them look like a single block device. This includes linear adding of disks, RAID-0, RAID-4 and -5. If you are creating new RAID arrays, the raidtools2 package and newer RAID drivers may be a better choice. This package may only installed on systems with a kernel version higher than 2.1.62. With kernels from the 2.4 series or newer, or with 2.2 kernels with the 'new-style' RAID-patches, you should use raidtools2 instead. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

raidtools2

Utilities to support 'new-style' RAID disks The Multiple Device driver's main goal is to group several disks or partitions together, making them look like a single block device. This includes linear adding of disks, RAID-0, -1, -4 and -5. 'New-style' RAID arrays have a lot features not present in the 'older' RAID arrays, including autodetection. Old arrays can be upgraded with this package, and it is mostly a good idea to use this package when creating new RAID arrays. In order to use this package, you must have a kernel with 'new-style' RAID drivers, which are included in stock kernels since the 2.4 series. For older kernels, you can find patches at http://people.redhat.com/mingo/raid-patches/. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rain

packet builder for testing IP protocols implementations. rain is a powerful packet builder for testing stability of hardware and software utilizing IP protocols. It offers its users the capability of fully customizing their own packets with a wide variety of command line options. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

ramsize

query/set image root device, RAM disk size, or video mode From whatis

random

adj. 1. Unpredictable (closest to mathematical definition); weird. "The system's been behaving pretty randomly." 2. Assorted; undistinguished. "Who was at the conference?" "Just a bunch of random business types." 3. (pejorative) Frivolous; unproductive; undirected. "He's just a random loser." 4. Incoherent or inelegant; poorly chosen; not well organized. "The program has a random set of misfeatures." "That's a random name for that function." "Well, all the names were chosen pretty randomly." 5. In no particular order, though deterministic. "The I/O channels are in a pool, and when a file is opened one is chosen randomly." 6. Arbitrary. "It generates a random name for the scratch file." 7. Gratuitously wrong, i.e., poorly done and for no good apparent reason. For example, a program that handles file name defaulting in a particularly useless way, or an assembler routine that could easily have been coded using only three registers, but redundantly uses seven for values with non-overlapping lifetimes, so that no one else can invoke it without first saving four extra registers. What randomness! 8. n. A random hacker; used particularly of high-school students who soak up computer time and generally get in the way. 9. n. Anyone who is not a hacker (or, sometimes, anyone not known to the hacker speaking); the noun form of sense 2. "I went to the talk, but the audience was full of randoms asking bogus questions". 10. n. (occasional MIT usage) One who lives at Random Hall. See also J. Random, some random X. 11. [UK] Conversationally, a non sequitur or something similarly out-of-the-blue. As in: "Stop being so random!" This sense equates to `hatstand', taken from the Viz comic character "Roger Irrelevant - He's completely Hatstand." From Jargon Dictionary

random-access memory digital-to-analog convertor (RAMDAC)

A chip in the video adapter that converts three digital signals (one for each primary color) into one analog signal that is sent to the monitor. RAMDACs use on-board randomaccess memory (RAM ) to store information before processing it. From QUECID

randtype

semi-random text typer Randtype is a small utility to output characters or lines at random intervals. There are a few command line options to refine the output. With it you can output files to the screen, and if you configured it well, it will look like someone is actually typing - with optional typos even. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

ranlib

generate index to archive. From whatis

rarp

manipulate the system RARP table From whatis

rarpd

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol daemon RARP is a protocol which allows individual devices on an IP network to get their own IP addresses from the RARP server. You need this daemon only if you have on your LAN machines like diskless Sun boxes. With kernels up to 2.2 you have the option of using the integrated RARP support instead of this daemon. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

ras

Adds redundancy files to archives for data recovery. Ras is a program that adds m extra files to a set of n files, such that the contents of the n original files can be regenerated from any n of the n+m original files and extra files. Normally, these extra files will all be 6 bytes larger then the largest of the original files, but ras has a mode in which the extra files are exactly the same size as the original files. Ras was originally intended for transporting a large file split over several floppy disks in a manner resilient to the corruption of a few of the disks, and a pair of example shell scripts to do this (rassplit and rasmerge) is included in the distribution. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rasmol

molecule visualization and rendering RasMol is a molecular graphics program intended for the visualisation of proteins, nucleic acids and small molecules. The program is aimed at display, teaching and generation of publication quality images. Currently supported input file formats include Brookhaven Protein Databank (PDB), Tripos' Alchemy and Sybyl Mol2 formats, Molecular Design Limited's (MDL) Mol file format, Minnesota Supercomputer Center's (MSC) XMol XYZ format and CHARMm format files. The loaded molecule may be shown as wireframe, cylinder (drieding) stick bonds, alpha-carbon trace, spacefilling (CPK) spheres, macromolecular ribbons (either smooth shaded solid ribbons or parallel strands), hydrogen bonding and dot surface. Rasmol homepage: http://klaatu.oit.umass.edu:80/microbio/rasmol/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rat

Unicast and multicast voice-over-IP application RAT is a network audio tool that allows users to participate in audio conferences over the Internet. These can be between two participants directly, or between a group of participants on a common multicast group. No special features are required to use RAT in point-to-point mode, but to use the multicast conferencing facilities of RAT, a connection to the Mbone, or a similar multicast capable network, is required. RAT is based on IETF standards, using RTP above UDP/IP as its transport protocol, and conforming to the RTP profile for audio and video conferences with minimal control. Further information is available on the WWW, at: http://www-mice.cs.ucl.ac.uk/multimedia/software/rat/index.html From Debian 3.0r0 APT

ratfor

Rational Fortran preprocessor for Fortran 77. Ratfor77 is a preprocessor that converts the Rational Fortran dialect into ordinary Fortran 77. The output can then be compiled using g77 or f2c + gcc. The Ratfor dialect provides C-like control structures and some syntactic sugar that makes Fortran programs easier to read and write. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

ratmenu

Creates X menus from the shell. This is ratmenu, a simple program that allows you to create X menus from the shell. It is a simplified version of 9menu, with the crucial difference that where 9menu only responds to the mouse, and ignores the keyboard, ratmenu has all mouse sensitivity taken out, and only responds to the keyboard. It is meant to be used with the ratpoison window manager. Although it should work with other window managers, YMMV. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

ratpoison

Simple window manager with no fat library dependencies. ratpoison is a simple Window Manager with no fat library dependencies, no fancy graphics, no window decorations, and no flashy wank. It is largely modelled after GNU Screen which has done wonders in virtual terminal market. All interaction with the window manager is done through keystrokes. ratpoison has a prefix map to minimize the key clobbering that cripples EMACS and other quality pieces of software. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rats

Rough Auditing Tool for Security RATS, the Rough Auditing Tool for Security, is a security auditing utility for C, C++, php, perl, and python code. RATS scans source code, finding potentially dangerous function calls. The goal of rats is not to definitively find bugs (yet), but to provide a reasonable starting point for performing manual security audits. The initial vulnerability database is taken directly from things that could be easily found when starting with the book, "Building Secure Software" by Viega and McGraw. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

raw

Linux IPv4 raw sockets From whatis

raw

bind a Linux raw character device From whatis

raw mode

A mode in which characters entered into the Linux system are read and interpreted one at a time. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

rawrec

Buffered raw audio recorder/player The rawrec/rawplay utilities provide a simple way to record or play back raw audio data. Options exist to control the timing of the run, add silent guard time, jump into data files, set DSP parameters, and control buffer size and latency. rawrec should be particularly useful for scripting applications that need to deal with raw audio data. Compared to bplay, rawrec tries to do less (it only handles raw audio) and does it more correctly (all the options work right for raw audio. I think :). rawrec can work to or from standard io, so if you also get the sox program, you will be able to record and play a wide variety of sound formats. You will need a mixer program, such as aumix. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

razor

spam-catcher using a collaborative filtering network Vipul's Razor is a distributed, collaborative, spam detection and filtering network. Razor establishes a distributed and constantly updating catalogue of spam in propagation. This catalogue is used by clients to filter out known spam. On receiving a spam, a Razor Reporting Agent (run by an end-user or a troll box) calculates and submits a 20-character unique identification of the spam (a SHA Digest) to its closest Razor Catalogue Server. The Catalogue Server echos this signature to other trusted servers after storing it in its database. Prior to manual processing or transport-level reception, Razor Filtering Agents (end-users and MTAs) check their incoming mail against a Catalogue Server and filter out or deny transport in case of a signature match. Catalogued spam, once identified and reported by a Reporting Agent, can be blocked out by the rest of the Filtering Agents on the network. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

razzle

constantly changing 3D stereogram generator razzle generates constantly changing 3D stereograms using SVGAlib. For instructions on viewing stereograms, please see /usr/doc/razzle/README or the man page. WARNING! if you have an epileptic condition, *READ* /usr/doc/razzle/README. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rbash

restricted bash, see bash(1) From whatis

rblcheck

Tool to Query RBL Servers This program is a very basic interface to DNS listings such as the RBL filter developed by Paul Vixie and the MAPS project. The basic idea of the filter is that when someone is blacklisted for email abuse of some sort, a new domain name is resolved of the form "2.0.0.127.domain.name.com", where 2.0.0.127 is the abusive IP address in reverse (for example, 2.0.0.127 would be the IP address 127.0.0.2), and "domain.name.com" is the base domain name of the filtering service (such as "blackholes.mail-abuse.org" for the MAPS project RBL filter). From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rbootd

Remote Boot Daemon The rbootd daemon is used for booting some HP workstations over the network (such as the 9000/300 and 9000/400 series). It can also boot PA RISC workstations. It handles the first stage of the boot sequence and can be used to start booting Linux, NetBSD or HPUX. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rc

An implementation of the AT&T Plan 9 shell. rc is a command interpreter and programming language similar to sh(1). It is based on the AT&T Plan 9 shell of the same name. The shell offers a C-like syntax (much more so than the C shell), and a powerful mechanism for manipulating variables. It is reasonably small and reasonably fast, especially when compared to contemporary shells. Its use is intended to be interactive, but the language lends itself well to scripts. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rc file

Script file containing startup instructions for an application program (or an entire operating system), usually a text file containing commands of the sort that might have been invoked manually once the system was running but are to be executed automatically each time the system starts up. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

rcalc

A symbolic calculator for the GNOME desktop. rCalc is a scientific calculator for the GNOME desktop environment. It aims to occupy the middle ground between simple `point-and-click' calculators and full featured mathematical packages, and hopefully take some of the best of both worlds. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rcconf

Debian Runlevel configuration tool This tool configures system services in connection with system runlevels. It turns on/off services using the scripts in /etc/init.d/. Rcconf works with both System-V style and file-rc runlevel configuration. It is a TUI frontend to the update-rc.d command. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rccp

Console frontend to DCTC - Direct Connect (peer-based file-sharing) RCCP (Red Connect Console Program) is text front-end for the dctc program. Dctc handles all communication with dchubs and clients. RCCP is designed to allow both scripting and command line interaction. Besides supporting all the basic Direct Connect commands such as downloading, searching, uploading, resuming, multihub search etc RCCP can be scripted. Selected scripts from many included with the package: * multi hub spider search * last seen user script (ala irc !seen script) * list all files from all users * download bot - watches query results and downloads all of them * segmented downloading * ... plus many more ... Direct Connect protocol is intended for peer-based file-sharing. In practise it works better than gnutella and other similar systems as it allows dc hubs (servers) administators to require clients to share specified amount of data. The amount is usually based on type of client's connection and it is used not to hurt or exclude anybody but to make file sharing "fair play". From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rcp

OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program) From whatis

rcs

The GNU Revision Control System The Revision Control System (RCS) manages multiple revisions of files. RCS automates the storing, retrieval, logging, identification, and merging of revisions. RCS is useful for text that is revised frequently, for example programs, documentation, graphics, papers, and form letters. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rcs

change RCS file attributes From whatis

rcs-latex

LaTeX macro package for handling RCS keywords This allows the user to typeset RCS keywords in their document without being concerned about dollar signs and the like. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rcs2log

generates a changelog from RCS files From whatis

rcsclean

clean up working files From whatis

rcsdiff

compare RCS revisions From whatis

rcsfreeze

freeze a configuration of sources checked in under RCS From whatis

rcsmerge

merge RCS revisions From whatis

rdate

Set the system's date from a remote host. Rdate displays and sets the local date and time from the host name or address given as the argument. It uses the RFC868 protocol which is usually implemented as a built-in service of inetd(1). From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rdate

The rdate utility retrieves the date and time from another machine on your network, using the protocol described in RFC 868. If you run rdate as root, it will set your machine's local time to the time of the machine that you queried. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

rdesktop

RDP client for Windows NT/2000 Terminal Server rdesktop is an open source client for Windows NT/2000 Terminal Server, capable of natively speaking its Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) in order to present the user's NT/2000 desktop. Unlike Citrix ICA, no server extensions are required. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rdesktop

rdesktop is an open source client for Windows NT Terminal Server and Windows 2000 Terminal Services, capable of natively speaking Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) in order to present the user's NT desktop. Unlike Citrix ICA, noserver extensions are required. rdesktop currently runs on most UNIX based platforms with the X Window System, and other ports should be fairly straightforward.From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

rdev

query/set image root device, RAM disk size, or video mode From whatis

rdev

A utility which can be used to obtain information about your Linux system. It can query/set the image root device, the swap device, the RAM disk size or video mode. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

rdiff

Binary diff tool for signature-based differences rdiff is a little like diff and patch all rolled into one, with support for binary files. rdiff is a tool to do this. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rdiff-backup

Backup program to use deltas for history rdiff-backup is a script that backs up one directory to another. The target directory ends up a copy of the source directory, but extra reverse diffs are stored in a special subdirectory of that target directory, so you can still recover files lost some time ago. The idea is to combine the best features of a mirror and an incremental backup. rdiff-backup also preserves subdirectories, symlinks, special files, permissions, uid/gid ownership (if it is running as root), and modification times. Finally, rdiff-backup can operate in a bandwidth efficient manner over a pipe, like rsync. Thus you can use rdiff-backup and ssh to securely back a hard drive up to a remote location, and only the differences will be transmitted. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rdist

Remote file distribution client and server. Rdist is a program to maintain identical copies of files over multiple hosts. It preserves the owner, group, mode, and mtime of files if possible and can update programs that are executing. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rdist

The RDist program maintains identical copies of files on multiple hosts. If possible, RDist will preserve the owner, group, mode, andmtime of files and it can update programs that are executing. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

rdist

is an open source program to maintain identical copies of files over multiple hsots. It preserves the owner, group, mode, and mtime of files if possible and can update programs that are executing. Almost all versions of UNIX include rdist. However, most that do include a very old version sometimes referred to as "4.2BSD rdist", "rdist classic", or "rdsit version 3". From MagniComp

rdtool

RD document formatter RD is Ruby's POD. RDtool is formatter for RD. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rdtool-elisp

Emacs-lisp rd-mode for writing RD document Emacs major mode for RD editing. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

re

Russian Anywhere -- russian text converter Russian Anywhere is a russian character decoding program. It allow transfer russian characters between different codepages. It's main purpose is to convert damaged russian e-mail messages to readable form and also may be used to convert files from/to known and unknown codepages. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

re2c

Tool for generating fast C-based recognizers re2c is a great tool for writing fast and flexible lexers. Unlike other such tools, re2c concentrates solely on generating efficient code for matching regular expressions. Not only does this singleness make re2c more suitable for a wider variety of applications, it allows us to generate scanners which approach hand-crafted ones in terms of size and speed. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

read-edid

hardware information-gathering tool for VESA PnP monitors read-edid consists of two tools; get-edid uses a VESA VBE 2 interrupt service routine request to read a 128 byte EDID version 1 structure from your graphics card, which retrieves this information from the monitor via the Data Display Channel (DDC). parse-edid parses this data structure and outputs data about the monitor suitable for inclusion into an XF86Config file. get-edid uses real-mode x86 instructions to communicate with the video hardware; therefore, it is usable only by root, and this package is only available for the i386 architecture. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

read-only

A file that can be read (copied, and so on) but not written (changed). Linux has a system of permissions that enables the owner of the file, the owner's group, or all users to have or not have permission to read, write, or execute file. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

readelf

Displays information about ELF files. From whatis

readline

The Readline library provides a set of functions that allow users to edit command lines. Both Emacs and vi editing modes are available. The Readline library includes additional functions for maintaining a listof previously-entered command lines for recalling or editing thoselines, and for performing csh-like history expansion on previous commands. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

readlink

display target of symbolic link on standard output From whatis

readlink

read value of a symbolic link From whatis

readprofile

a tool to read kernel profiling information From whatis

readseq

[Biology] Conversion between sequence formats Reads and writes nucleic/protein sequences in various formats. Data files may have multiple sequences. Readseq is particularly useful as it automatically detects many sequence formats, and converts between them. URL: ftp://ftp.bio.indiana.edu/molbio/readseq/version1 From Debian 3.0r0 APT

real

adj. Not simulated. Often used as a specific antonym to virtual in any of its jargon senses. From Jargon Dictionary

real time

1. [techspeak] adj. Describes an application which requires a program to respond to stimuli within some small upper limit of response time (typically milli- or microseconds). Process control at a chemical plant is the canonical example. Such applications often require special operating systems (because everything else must take a back seat to response time) and speed-tuned hardware. 2. adv. In jargon, refers to doing something while people are watching or waiting. "I asked her how to find the calling procedure's program counter on the stack and she came up with an algorithm in real time." From Jargon Dictionary

real user

n. 1. A commercial user. One who is paying real money for his computer usage. 2. A non-hacker. Someone using the system for an explicit purpose (a research project, a course, etc.) other than pure exploration. See user. Hackers who are also students may also be real users. "I need this fixed so I can do a problem set. I'm not complaining out of randomness, but as a real user." See also luser. From Jargon Dictionary

realpath

Return the canonicalized absolute pathname The package contains a small utility realpath, which converts each pathname argument to an absolute pathname, which has no components that are symbolic links or the special . or .. directory. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

realtimebattle

Programming game RealTimeBattle is a programming game in which robots controlled by programs are fighting each other. The goal is to destroy the enemies, using the radar to examine the environment and the cannon to shoot. Robot programs can be written in any language, all communication with the main program is done via stdout/stdin. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

reboot

reboot or enable/disable Ctrl-Alt-Del From whatis

reboot

stop the system. From whatis

recite

English text speech synthesizer Recite is a program to do speech synthesis. The quality of sound produced is not terribly good, but it should be adequate for reporting the occasional error message verbally. Given some English text, recite will convert it to a series of phonemes, then convert the phonemes to a sequence of vocal tract parameters, and then synthesise the sound a vocal tract would make to say the sentence. Recite can perform a subset of these operations, so it can be used to convert text into phonemes, or to produce an utterance based on vocal tract parameters computed by some other program. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

recode

Character set conversion utility. Free `recode' converts files between character sets and usages. When exact transliterations are not possible, it may get rid of the offending characters or fall back on approximations. This program recognizes or produces nearly 150 different character sets and is able to transliterate files between almost any pair. Most RFC 1345 character sets are supported. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

recode

The GNU recode utility converts files between various character sets. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

records-common

Save and index notes in Emacs environment Records-mode is a major mode for editing and indexing notes. Notes are per-day files containing one or more subjects, subjects from different days are indexed and can be traversed, etc. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

records-gnuemacs

Save and index notes in Emacs environment Records-mode is a major mode for editing and indexing notes. Notes are per-day files containing one or more subjects, subjects from different days are indexed and can be traversed, etc. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

records-xemacs

Save and index notes in Emacs environment Records-mode is a major mode for editing and indexing notes. Notes are per-day files containing one or more subjects, subjects from different days are indexed and can be traversed, etc. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

recover

Undelete files on ext2 partitions Recover automates some steps as described in the ext2-undeletion howto. This means it seeks all the deleted inodes on your hard drive with debugfs. When all the inodes are indexed, recover asks you some questions about the deleted file. These questions are: * Hard disk device name * Year of deletion * Month of deletion * Weekday of deletion * First/Last possible day of month * Min/Max possible file size * Min/Max possible deletion hour * Min/Max possible deletion minute * User ID of the deleted file * A text string the file included (can be ignored) If recover found any fitting inodes, it asks to give a directory name and dumps the inodes into the directory. Finally it asks you if you want to filter the inodes again (in case you typed some wrong answers). From Debian 3.0r0 APT

red

text editor From whatis

redhat-config-date

redhat-config-date is a graphical interface for changing the system date and time, configuring the system time zone, and setting up the NTP daemon to synchronize the time of the system with a NTP time server. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-config-httpd

A graphical configuration tool for the Apache Web server. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-config-keyboard

redhat-config-keyboard is a graphical user interface that allows the user to change the default keyboard of the system. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-config-kickstart

redhat-config-kickstart is a graphical tool for creating kickstart files. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-config-language

redhat-config-language is a graphical user interface thatallows the user to change the default language of the system. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-config-mouse

redhat-config-mouse is a graphical user interface that allows the user to change the default mouse of the system. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-config-network

Netconf is the network configuration tool for Red Hat Linux, supporting ethernet, ADSL, ISDN, and PPP. It can also configure firewalls and masquerading, and can use profiles. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-config-nfs

redhat-config-nfs is a graphical user interface for creating, modifying, and deleting nfs shares. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-config-packages

redhat-config-packages is the package manager for Red Hat Linux. It supports installation of interesting packages from CD. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-config-printer

The printconf utility is a printer configuration and filtration system based on magicfilter (the alchemist data library) and the foomaticfilter system. It rebuilds local print configuration and spool directories from data sources at lpd init time, and is integrated touse the multi-sourced features of the alchemist data library. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-config-printer-gui

The printconf-gui package contains a GUI tool for the printconfutility. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-config-proc

This is a tool for configuring operating system tunable parameters. It eases modifying /etc/sysctl.conf. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-config-rootpassword

redhat-config-rootpassword is a graphical user interface that allow sthe user to change the root password of the system. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-config-securitylevel

redhat-config-securitylevel is a graphical user interface for setting basic firewall rules. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-config-services

redhat-config-services is a utility which allows you to configure which services should be enabled on your machine. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-config-soundcard

redhat-config-soundcard is a graphical user interface thatd etects and configures the soundcard(s) on the system. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-config-users

Redhat-config-users is a graphical utility for administrating users and groups. It depends on the libuser library. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-config-xfree86

redhat-config-xfree is a graphical user interface that allows the user to configure their XFree86 Xserver. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-logos

The redhat-logos package (the "Package") contains files of the Red Hat "Shadow Man" logo and the RPM logo (the "Logos"). Red Hat, the RedHat "Shadow Man" logo, RPM, and the RPM logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. in the United States and other countries. See the included COPYING file for information on copying and redistribution. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-logviewer

Red Hat Log Viewer is a graphical interface for viewing and searching log files. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-menus

This package contains the XML files that describe the menu layout for GNOME and KDE, and the .desktop files that define the names and icons of "subdirectories" in the menus. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-release

The redhat-release package identifies the release of Red Hat Linux. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-rpm-config

Red Hat specific rpm configuration files. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-switch-printer

redhat-switch-printer is the Printing System Switcher for Red Hat Linux. It enables users to easily switch between various printing systemthat they have installed. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-switch-printer-gnome

The redhat-switch-printer-gnome package contains a GNOME interface for the The Printing System Switcher. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-switchmail

The Mail Transport Agent Switcher is a tool which enables users to easily switch between various Mail Transport Agents that they have installed. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redhat-switchmail-gnome

The redhat-switchmail-gnome package contains a GNOME interface for the Red Hat Mail Transport Agent Switcher. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

redir

Redirect TCP connections It can run under inetd or stand alone (in which case it handles multiple connections). Its 8 bit clean, not limited to line mode, is small and light. Supports FTP redirects and supports transparency support. redir is all you need to redirect traffic across firewalls authenticate based on an IP address etc etc. No need for the firewall toolkit. The functionality of inetd/tcpd and "redir" will allow you to do everything you need without screwy telnet/ftp etc gateways. (I assume you are running IP Masquerading of course.) From Debian 3.0r0 APT

redirection

Accepting input from a source other than the standard input or sending output to a destination other than the standard output. Use the less than sign (<) for redirection of input and the greater than sign (>) for redirection of output. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

regexp

/reg'eksp/ n. [Unix] (alt. `regex' or `reg-ex') 1. Common written and spoken abbreviation for `regular expression', one of the wildcard patterns used, e.g., by Unix utilities such as grep(1), sed(1), and awk(1). These use conventions similar to but more elaborate than those described under glob. For purposes of this lexicon, it is sufficient to note that regexps also allow complemented character sets using ^; thus, one can specify `any non-alphabetic character' with [^A-Za-z]. 2. Name of a well-known PD regexp-handling package in portable C, written by revered Usenetter Henry Spencer <[email protected]>. From Jargon Dictionary

regexp

See regular expression. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

regexplorer

A visual regular expression explorer RegExplorer is a visual regular expression explorer, it allows for writing regular expressions and visually see the matches, thus making regular expression much easier to write and maintain. More information can be found at the RegExplorer web site http://regexplorer.sourceforge.net/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT

regina-rexx

The Regina REXX interpreter. Regina is Anders Christensen's REXX interpreter for Unix and VMS. REXX is a procedural language that allows programs and algorithms to be written in a clear and structured way, it is also designed to be used as a macro language by arbitrary application programs. Contains the Regina REXX interpreter (regina and rexx), and external function package to interface to curses library. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

regina2

The Regina REXX interpreter, run-time library. Regina is Anders Christensen's REXX interpreter for Unix and VMS. REXX is a procedural language that allows programs and algorithms to be written in a clear and structured way, it is also designed to be used as a macro language by arbitrary application programs. Contains runtime shared libraries. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

register dancing

n. Many older processor architectures suffer from a serious shortage of general-purpose registers. This is especially a problem for compiler-writers, because their generated code needs places to store temporaries for things like intermediate values in expression evaluation. Some designs with this problem, like the Intel 80x86, do have a handful of special-purpose registers that can be pressed into service, providing suitable care is taken to avoid unpleasant side effects on the state of the processor: while the special-purpose register is being used to hold an intermediate value, a delicate minuet is required in which the previous value of the register is saved and then restored just before the official function (and value) of the special-purpose register is again needed. From Jargon Dictionary

regular expression

A set of symbols, including text and metacharacters, used to search for text. The most common components are the period (.), which matches one character; the asterisk (*), which matches any number of characters; and brackets ([string]), which list a set of characters to be matched. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

reiserfs-utils

The reiserfs-utils package contains a number of utilities for creating, checking, modifying, and correcting any inconsistencies in ReiserFS filesystems, including reiserfsck (used to repair filesystem inconsistencies), mkreiserfs (used to initialize a partition to contain an empty ReiserFS filesystem), debugreiserfs (used to examinethe internal structure of a filesystem, to manually repair a corrupted filesystem, or to create test cases for reiserfsck), and some other ReiserFS filesystem utilities. You should install the reiserfs-utils package if you want to use ReiserFS on any of your partitions. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

reiserfsprogs

User-level tools for ReiserFS filesystems This package contains utilities to create, check, resize, and debug ReiserFS filesystems. NOTE: Releases of Linux prior to 2.4.1 do not support ReiserFS on their own. Thus, these tools will only be useful with Linux 2.4.1 or later, or if your kernel has been built with the ReiserFS patch applied. This patch can be found in the appropriate kernel-patch-<version>-reiserfs packages. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

relay (mail relay)

E-mail relay is where spammers hijack an e-mail server in order to forward their spam through the server. Usually, the spammer (from the Internet) sends the e-mail server a single e-mail with thousands of recipients. Similarly, any open USENET server can be hijacked to relay spam to newsgroups. Key point: This allows a spammer with a dial-up account to send e-mail as fast as a high-speed Internet connection, since it is the victim who breaks apart the recipient list and sends each person a separate copy. Therefore, one e-mail goes into the server, thousands come out. Key point: Relaying can be turned off in the e-mail server configuration. Such configuration will force the server to accept either incoming mail, or outgoing mail, but not incoming e-mail destined back out to the Internet. There are several sites on the Internet that will scan your corporate e-mail server to see if will relay spam. Key point: Some e-mail relays are completely open, others are closed to open relaying, but have bugs that can be exploited in order to relay spam. Resource: Paul Vixie's MAPS http://maps.vix.com/ (MAPS is SPAM spelled backwards). From Hacking-Lexicon

relay-ctrl

SMTP Relaying Control for qmail & tcpserver This package allows SMTP relaying for any host that authenticates with POP3. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

remembrance-agent

Emacs mode to help find relevant texts The Remembrance Agent is one of the projects being developed by the MIT Media Lab's software agents group. Given a collection of the user's accumulated email, usenet news articles, papers, saved HTML files and other text notes, it attempts to find those documents which are most relevant to the user's current context. That is, it searches this collection of text for the documents which bear the highest word-for-word similarity to the text the user is currently editing, in the hope that they will also bear high conceptual similarity and thus be useful to the user's current work. These suggestions are continuously displayed in a small buffer at the bottom of the user's emacs buffer. If a suggestion looks useful, the full text can be retrieved with a single command. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

remind

a sophisticated reminder service Remind allows you to remind yourself of upcoming events and appointments via a reasonably easy to understand config file. Each reminder or alarm can consist of a message sent to standard output, or a program to be executed. It also features: sophisticated date calculation, moon phases, sunrise/sunset, Hebrew calendar, alarms, PostScript output, tcl/tk front-end, multilingual messages, and proper handling of holidays. Includes scripts for making a nice WWW calendar server (in the /usr/share/doc/remind/examples directory). And provides a graphical front-end for people who don't want to learn the scripting language. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

remote (remote attack, remote exploit)

A common way to classify attacks is whether they are done remotely by a hacker from across the Internet, or whether they are done locally by a user who already has privileges on the system. The important difference is that a "remote" attack can be launched by any of the hundreds of the of millions of people on the Internet at any time without first logging on. Point: A hacker may need to use a combination of remote and local exploits in order to gain control over a system. More and more services are running within sandboxes in order to limit the "spread of the infection". A local exploit may be needed in order to break out of the sandbox. Key point: The most common remote exploits are buffer overflow and other unchecked input attacks. They are either done against public services (such as HTTP and FTP) or during the logon of protected services (such as POP and IMAP). From Hacking-Lexicon

remote administration trojan (RAT)

A trojan that when run, provides a hacker remote administration to the machine. Contrast: A trojan is any program with a hidden intent. A RAT is one whose hidden intent is to remotely control the machine. In particular, once the program is run and installs itself as a hidden background service, it ceases to a trojan in the classic sense and is now better thought of as a rootkit. Example: Back Orifice, NetBus, SubSeven, Hack'a'tack Contrast: A remote administration trojan is not a virus. The general populace uses the word virus to apply to any hostile program a hacker might use. Normally, being a purist using the correct word is futile, but in this case the distinction is important. You catch viruses accidentally, and the virus rarely does anything hostile to your system. Conversely, when a hacker attempts to infect your system with a remote administration trojan, the hacker is attacking you personally. Key point: Infections by remote administration Trojans on Windows machines are becoming as frequent as viruses. One common vector is through File and Print Sharing, when home users inadvertently open up their system to the rest of the world. If a hacker has access to the hard-drive, he/she can place the trojan in a location known as the startup folder. This will run the trojan the next time the user logs in. Another common vector is when the hacker simply e-mails the trojan to the user along with a social engineering hack that convinces the user to run it against their better judgment. From Hacking-Lexicon

remstats

Remote Statistics System: collectors and presentation-cgis A system of programs to: * gather data from remote machines * store and maintain the data for long periods * produce graphs and web-pages tieing them together * monitor the data for anomalous behavious and issue alerts * modular support for various data sources MRTG and NOCOL provided the inspiration. Rrdtool provided the guts. Perl provided the platform. This is the data-collection and -presentation-package. Install remstats-servers on all hosts that are to be observed. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

remstats-bintools

Remote Statistics System: traceroute and multiping Special multiping and traceroute for remstats to be used by the data collection scripts and the remote information servers. Specially patched. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

remstats-servers

Remote Statistics System: remote information servers Remote information servers to be run on all hosts that are to be observed. * unix-status-server: Basic system statistics * log-server: get data from logfiles * remoteping-server: "next hop"-server. Gives information about other hosts connected to the host the server is running on. * nt-status-server: It had to go somewhere ;-] Get it to a NT-Box and read remstats-doc for further information. Only unix-status and log-server are enabled by default in /etc/inetd.conf. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

remsync

GNU sharutils From whatis

rename

change the name or location of a file From whatis

renattach

Rename attachments on the fly. Renattach is a small, efficient and surprisingly effective filter designed primarily to offer an additional level of safety to Windows users whose e-mails pass through a UNIX-like mail server. Many modern viruses are spread through e-mail, and renattach combats such viruses by filtering e-mail attachments based on file extension. In version 1.1.1, the MIME type is also renamed. The idea is to rename potentially dangerous attachments (executable ones) so that the user, or the user's poorly written e-mail software, does not accidentally execute the attachment. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

renice

alter priority of running processes From whatis

rep

lisp command interpreter frontends to librep This package contains the command-line frontends to the librep lisp interpreter. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rep-gtk

GTK binding for librep This package provides an interface to the GTK graphical toolkit for the librep lisp interpreter. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rep-gtk-gnome

GTK binding for librep with gnome support This package provides an interface to the GTK graphical toolkit for the librep lisp interpreter. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rep-remote

provides a protocol for executing all of librep's file operations on that host From whatis

rep-xmms

rep language bindings for XMMS Language bindings for the rep lisp dialect for XMMS. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

replay

A replay attack is a type of sniffer attack where the traffic is captured then retransmitted back at a computer. Analogy: In the 1992 movie Sneakers, the victim uses a voice identification system. Therefore, the heroes record the voice of one of the victim's employees, edit it with a computer, then play it back into the voice recognition system. Key point: It seems the first generation of any security architecture is vulnerable to replay attacks. For example, IPsec was original vulnerable to some replay attacks, even though it had provisions against the most obvious ones. Key point: The anti-replay remedy is to include a timestamp with a message. This then implies that everyone needs to have their clocks synchronized in order to communicate correctly. From Hacking-Lexicon

replay

play back typescripts, using timing information From whatis

replicator

automate new computer installations in a networked site. Using a nfs-root filesystem and rsync, replicator allow you to non-interactively install a target computer identical to the model computer. It can handle differences in partitioning and hardware. Designed for clusters, classrooms and wherever you need identical Debian boxes. It's REALLY faster than normal Debian installation method. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

reportbug

Reports bugs in the Debian distribution. reportbug is a tool designed to make the reporting of bugs in Debian and derived distributions relatively painless. Its features include: * Integration with the mutt, af, and mh/nmh mail readers. * Access to outstanding bug reports to make it easier to identify whether problems have already been reported. * Support for following-up on outstanding reports. * Optional PGP/GnuPG integration. reportbug is designed to be used on systems with an installed mail transport agent, like exim or sendmail; however, you can edit the configuration file and send reports using any available mail server. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

reportbug

reports a bug to a debbugs server From whatis

request-tracker1

Request Tracker, a GPL'd Trouble Ticket System Request Tracker helps you handle and track problem reports, it features web interfaces for queue administration and report submitting and sends out email with replies and comments to those reports. Be sure to read /usr/share/doc/request-tracker1/README.Debian for installation instructions !!! This package used to be called webrt and was renamed in preparation of packaging Version 2 for Debian (see changelog). From Debian 3.0r0 APT

reset

terminal initialization From whatis

resize

set TERMCAP and terminal settings to current xterm window size From whatis

resize2fs

ext2 file system resizer From whatis

resizecons

change kernel idea of the console size From whatis

rev

reverse lines of a file From whatis

reverse engineering

A technique whereby the hacker attempts to discover secrets about a program. Some reverse engineering techniques are: strings Dumps all the human-readable strings within a program. In 1999, hackers looked for "strings" within Microsoft's products and found something labeled NSA_KEY. This led the paranoid delusion that the NSA had somehow convinced Microsoft to put a backdoor key into the system. Similarly, early in year 2000, hackers discovered strings like GetPrivateProfileString in the BlackICE Defender personal firewall and made paranoid assumptions (in reality, GetPrivateProfileString is a standard Win32 function). The most commonly used tool for this is the program strings included with UNIX. disassemble Takes the compiled output of a program and retrieves the original assembly language mnemonics, which are easier for humans to read. For example, the byte "0x90" might be converted back into NOOP (no operation) instruction. An example of using this technique to discover code being sent across the wire is at http://www.robertgraham.com/pubs/aol-exploit. The problem with disassembly is that it only makes the object files slightly more readable -- it doesn't reconstruct the full original source code or comments. decompile Decompilation produces high-level source code from an executable. The technique has proven essentially worthless for languages like C/C++, but works well on languages like Java, VisualBasic, and Delphi. It still doesn't obtain the original comments, however. Reverse engineering is often used to: anti-virus Discover how viruses work in order to write more effective signatures against them. cracking serialz Figuring out how copy protection works in order to break it. From Hacking-Lexicon

reverse engineering

The process of systematically taking apart a chip or application program to discover how it works, with the aim of imitating or duplicating some or all of its functions. From QUECID

reverse lookup

is the determining of the host name from the IP address. The course of queries is similar to forward lookups using part of the IP address to find out what machines are responsible for what ranges of IP address. From Rute-Users-Guide

revpath

generate a relative path that can be used to undo a change-directory From whatis

revtex4

Documentclass for the journals of the American Physical Society LaTeX 2e document class distributed by the American Physical Society (APS) in order to expedite the handling of manuscripts by the APS journals (Physical Review Letters, Physical Review, and Reviews of Modern Physics) while reducing costs and avoiding unnecessary duplication of effort. A manuscript prepared using the REVTeX 4 documentclass and following the guidelines presented in the enclosed documentation is considered by APS as a "compuscript." Compuscripts face lower publication charges as compared to non-compuscript manuscripts and supposedly get published faster. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rexima

A nice little ncurses mixer. rexima is 'a mixer' spelled backwards. A humble little mixer which is easy to use. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rexxtk

Interface to Tcl/Tk for Regina REXX Rexx/Tk gives GUI capabilities to the interpreted language Regina Rexx by interfacing it with the Tcl/Tk libraries. It enables Rexx programmers to write portable GUI applications by calling functions that wrap the GUI portions of the Tcl/Tk package. It is also available on several other operating systems. Nearly all Tk functions have been implemented and support has been added for some third party widgets such as tree, combobox and muliticolumn listboxes. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rfb

The heXoNet RFB Software package includes many different projects. The goal of this package is to provide a comprehensive collection of rfb enabled tools and applications. One application, x0rfbserver, was (and maybe still is) the only complete remote control solution for the X Window System. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

rfbdrake

rfbdrake is a tool to setup a client/server remote framebuffer for virtual network computing. It use vncviewer backend at the client side and x0rfbserver for the server side. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

rgpsp

Remote gPS poller rgpsp provides a top-like output through a tcp port, so that machines running gPS can remotely monitor information about processes and load on the machine rgpsp is running on. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rgrep

The rgrep utility can recursively descend through directories as it greps for the specified pattern. Note that this ability does take a toll on rgrep's performance, which is somewhat slow. Rgrep will also highlight the matching expression. Install the rgrep package if you need a recursive grep which can highlight the matching expression. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

rhino

JavaScript engine written in Java Rhino is an open-source implementation of JavaScript written entirely in Java. It is typically embedded into Java applications to provide scripting to end users. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rhn-applet

Panel applet for indication that newer Red Hat packages are available. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

rhnlib

This package contains Python libraries developed specifically for interfacing with Red Hat Network. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

rhosts

On UNIX, the "rhosts" mechanism allows one system to trust another system. This means that if a user logs onto one UNIX system, they can further log onto any other system that trusts it. Only certain programs will use this file: rsh Tells the system to open a remote "shell" and run the specified program. rlogin Creates an interactive Telnet session on the other computer. Key point: A common backdoor is to place the entry "+ +" in the rhosts file. This tells the system to trust everybody. Key point: The file simply contains a list of named hosts or IP addresses. Sometime the hacker can forge DNS information in order to convince the victim that he has the same name as a trusted system. Alternately, a hacker can sometimes spoof the IP address of a trusted system. See also: hosts.equiv From Hacking-Lexicon

rhpl

The rhpl package contains Python code used by programs in Red Hat Linux. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

ri

Ruby Interactive reference ri is a command line tool that displays descriptions of built-in Ruby methods, classes, and modules. For methods, it shows you the calling sequence and a description. For classes and modules, it shows a synopsis along with a list of the methods the class or module implements. All information is taken from the reference section of the book Programming Ruby. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

ri-cs-el

an emacs interface for ri A set of Emacs macros which implement a function, `ri', with which you can browse pages of Ruby documentation generated by the command 'ri'. Formatting is done in background so that you can continue to use your Emacs while processing is going on. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

ri-db-el

an emacs interface for ri Provide three kinds of support for 'ri' inside emacs: - simple interactive query - a browsable index, where you can follow links to do things like drill down on the methods within a class or module. - pop-up help on the class or method under point. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rig

Random identity generator RIG (Random Identity Generator) is a free replacement for a shareware program out there called 'fake'. It generates random, yet real-looking, personal data. It is useful if you need to feed a name to a Web site, BBS, or real person, and are too lazy to think of one yourself. Also, if the Web site/BBS/person you are giving the information to tries to crosscheck the city, state, zip, or area code, it will check out. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rinetd

Internet redirection server rinetd redirects TCP connections from one IP address and port to another. rinetd is a single-process server which handles any number of connections to the address/port pairs specified in the file /etc/rinetd.conf. Since rinetd runs as a single process using nonblocking I/O, it is able to redirect a large number of connections without a severe impact on the machine. This makes it practical to run services on machines inside an IP masquerading firewall. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rio

A command line Diamond Rio MP3 player controller rio is a Diamond Rio MP3 CLI controller program The home website is http://www.world.co.uk/sba/index.htm This program supports file uploads and downloads, on both the Classic Rio and the 64 Meg Rio, and supports plug in cards. The default port is 0x378, if your rio is plugged into a different port, you will need to use the -p option. This program directly controls various IOports. The program need to be run as root, or setuid root. If you execute the following line as root after package installation, the program will be setuid root. chmod 4755 /usr/bin/rio Do NOT do that unless you understand the security implications of a setuid binary that can "easily" overwrite any system file. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rio500

Diamond Rio500 digital audio player support A set of command-line utilities which provide support for the Diamond Rio500 digital audio player. You'll need a kernel with USB support enabled in order to make use of these utilities... 2.4.0 and later should be fine, as should 2.2.18 or later in the 2.2 series. In addition, the Rio500 driver must be enabled. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

ripperx

a GTK-based ripper/encoder ripperX is a graphical interface to a CD ripper (cdparanoia) and the Vorbis/Ogg encoder (and MP3 encoders too). It is very much like grip, but IMO easier to use. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rlinetd

gruesomely over-featured inetd replacement rlinetd is designed to replace the BSD inetd. Feature-wise, it is a proper superset of the BSD inetd, including rpc support and both udp and tcp services. In addition, it supports a number of resource limiting features, including full resource limits a la setrlimit(2), renicing, chroot and limited per-service instances. To round out the features stolen from xinetd, it also supports binding to individual interfaces on request, and configurable logging. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rlog

print log messages and other information about RCS files From whatis

rlogin

OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program) From whatis

rlpr

A utility for lpd printing without using /etc/printcap Rlpr makes it possible (or at the very least, easier), to print files on remote sites to your local printer. The rlpr package includes BSD-compatible replacements for `lpr', `lpq', and `lprm', whose functionality is a superset of their BSD counterparts. In other words, with the rlpr package, you can do everything you can do with the BSD printing commands, and more. The programs contained within the rlpr package are all GPL'd, and are more lightweight, cleaner and more secure than their BSD counterparts. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rm

removes each given file. By default, it does not remove directories. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

rmagic

Report Magic for Analog. With Report Magic for Analog, anyone can create great looking website statistics reports. Report Magic for Analog uses the Computer Readable Output format created by Analog, the most popular logfile analyser in the world. Using this and some simple settings you provide, Report Magic formats beautiful reports with tables, descriptions and graphs. Using Report Magic for Analog, you can easily maintain a consistent company image with all your reports. By designing the report format to mimic your site's colors and graphics, you can have Analog's statistics reports seem to "fit-in" with the rest of your website. Report Magic for Analog lets you set things like font, foreground and background colors, background images, color themes, and more, thus ensuring a perfect fit with your already designed site. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rmail

Mail Transfer Agent From whatis

rman

PolyglotMan - Reverse compile man pages PolyglotMan (formerly RosettaMan) is a filter for UNIX manual pages. It takes as input man pages formatted for a variety of UNIX flavors (not [tn]roff source) and produces as output a variety of file formats. For more info see: http://polyglotman.sourceforge.net From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rmccmt

remove comments from C and C++ programs From whatis

rmdir

remove empty directories From whatis

rmmod

unload loadable modules From whatis

rmt

The rmt utility provides remote access to tape devices for programs like dump (a filesystem backup program), restore (a program for restoring files from a backup) and tar (an archiving program). From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

rmt

remote magtape protocol module From whatis

rndc

name server control utility From whatis

rndc-confgen

rndc key generation tool From whatis

robodoc

A program documentation tool. The idea is to include for every function or procedure a standard header containing all sorts of information about the procedure or function. ROBODoc extracts these headers from the source file and puts them in a separate autodocs-file. ROBODoc thus allows you to include the program documentation in the source code and avoid having to maintain two separate documents. Or as Petteri puts it: "robodoc is very useful - especially for programmers who don't like writing documents with Word or some other strange tool." ROBODoc can format the headers in a number of different formats: HTML, ASCII, AmigaGuide, LaTeX, or RTF. In HTML mode it can generate cross links between headers. You can even include parts of your source code. ROBODoc works with many programming languages: For instance C, Pascal, Shell Scripts, Assembler, COBOL, Occam, Postscript, Forth, Tcl/Tk, C++, Java -- basically any program in which you can use remarks/comments. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

robotfindskitten

Zen Simulation of robot finding kitten In this simulation, you play the part of robot. Your task is to complete the simulation by finding kitten, as is your destiny, and indeed your wont. You (robot) are represented by the # character, and you move around with the arrow keys touching things. If the thing you touch is kitten, you get a cute little animation (which was cuter in the DOS version) and the simulation ends. Otherwise, you get a brief description of what it is you touched. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rocketworkbench

Rocket Design Utilities The Rocket Workbench Project is a mission to develop open source high quality software tools for the design of experimental rockets. Using the most up to date rocket theory allows the software to produce the most accurate results. This package currently implements the following tools: cpropep - Propellant Evaluation Program From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rocks

Make network sockets reliable in a transparent way Rocks protect sockets-based applications from network failures, particularly failures common to mobile computing, including: - Link failures (e.g., unexpected modem disconnection); - IP address changes (e.g., laptop movement, DHCP lease expiry); - Extended periods of disconnection (e.g., laptop suspension). Rock-enabled programs continue to run after any of these events; their broken connections recover automatically, without loss of in-flight data, when connectivity returns. Rocks work transparently with most applications, including SSH clients, X window applications, and network service daemons. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rocks-n-diamonds

Boulderdash-like game This game should be instantly familiar to those who have tried "Boulderdash" on the C-64, or "Emerald Mine" on the Amiga. For the rest of you, it is a game in which you basically collect emeralds, stay away from monsters and try to avoid being squished by rocks. This version includes sound and supports joysticks, but your keyboard can also be used. It is even possible to design your own levels with the built-in editor, and to record your game, replay it, and save it! From Debian 3.0r0 APT

roleplaying

A database system for role players The Role Playing DataBase System is a database system for Role Playing Gamers. It provides a way for players and game masters to store the many pieces of information needed for Role Playing. The Role Playing Database package consists of a collection of C++ classes that implement a series of structures that contain the various data entities that represent the various aspects and features used in a Role Playing Game, including the characters, monsters, spells, treasures, tricks, traps, etc. The database can be accesed through a Tcl/Tk interface but it the library can also be used to develop other applications related to role-playing. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rolldice

A virtual dice roller A virtual dice roller that takes a string on the command line in the format of some fantasy role playing games like Advanced Dungeons & Dragons [1] and returns the result of the dice rolls. [1] Advanced Dungeons & Dragons is a registered trademark of TSR, Inc. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

root

n. [Unix] 1. The superuser account (with user name `root') that ignores permission bits, user number 0 on a Unix system. The term avatar is also used. 2. The top node of the system directory structure; historically the home directory of the root user, but probably named after the root of an (inverted) tree. 3. By extension, the privileged system-maintenance login on any OS. See root mode, go root, see also wheel. From Jargon Dictionary

root (superuser, administrator)

On UNIX, root is the superuser or administrator account that has complete control over everything in the machine. Often used as a verb: to root a box is to gain administrative (i.e. full) control over the system and own it. Key point: The term can be used as a verb. To "root" machine is to break in and obtain root privileges, and their own the machine. From Hacking-Lexicon

root mode

n. Syn. with wizard mode or `wheel mode'. Like these, it is often generalized to describe privileged states in systems other than OSes. From Jargon Dictionary

root window

the background of your screen. It is referred to a window in name alone, it does not behave like any other window, but rather you run your applications on the root window, or put a picture on it, or just a solid color. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

root-portal

Monitors the system and displays the results on the desktop Originally intended to provide a tail -f into the root-window, it is now also able to monitor pipes, sub-processes, system load, network usage and the names of opening/closing processes. This data can optionally be put through regex filters and search/replaces. Monitors can be run on remote systems through a remote shell such as ssh. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

root-tail

Displays select log files in the X root window. Root-tail, is a program that displays one or more log files, on the X root window, through the use of transparent windows. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rootfiles

The rootfiles package contains basic required files that are placed inthe root user's account. These files are basically the same as those in /etc/skel, which are placed in regular users' home directories. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

rootflags

query/set image root device, RAM disk size, or video mode From whatis

rootkit

The name for a kit of hacker utilities placed on a UNIX machine after a successful compromise. A typical rootkit includes: password sniffer log cleaners replacement binaries for common programs on the system (e.g. inetd) backdoor programs replacements to programs like ls and find so that they will not reveal the presence of the rootkit files. Key point: A rootkit contains many trojaned programs. These programs are used to allow the hacker entry back into the system and to hide the presence of the hacker. For example, a trojaned "ps" command might hide the hacker's sniffer daemon from appearing in the process list. Alternatively, the hacker might trojan an existing daemon like inetd to run a background sniffer. Key point: The most important trojaned programs are those that deal with gaining access back into the system with a special password. Therefore, trojaned versions of login daemon, su, or telnetd are needed. Key point: Rootkits often contain setuid programs that normal users can run in order to elevate their privileges to root. Look for these in order to see if your system has been hacked. Culture: Also called "daemon kits". Example: The "t0rn" kit, including utilities like "t0rnsniff" and replacement binaries. In 2001, this kit was included as part of several Linux worms. From Hacking-Lexicon

rootstrap

A tool for building complete Linux filesystem images Rootstrap was originally written to provide a facility for building filesystems for use with User-mode Linux, but can be useful in other applications as well. It uses a modular set of shell scripts to create the filesystem image, install a base system, and customize it for a particular application. Currently, it only builds Debian systems, but the architecture is such that other base systems could be used instead. Use of rootstrap does not require root access, or special privileges of any kind. This is because it builds the filesystem inside a User-mode Linux system running under an unprivileged uid. Filesystem creation with rootstrap is quick and painless. With a local mirror and a single command, a fresh Debian woody filesystem can be created in about 3 minutes on relatively modest hardware. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rosegarden

An integrated MIDI sequencer and musical notation editor. Rosegarden is a free integrated musical notation editor and MIDI sequencer for Unix/X platforms, with specific support for Linux PCs and SGI IRIX workstations. See the Rosegarden Web page at http://www.all-day-breakfast.com/rosegarden/ for more information. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rot13

/rot ther'teen/ n.,v. [Usenet: from `rotate alphabet 13 places'] The simple Caesar-cypher encryption that replaces each English letter with the one 13 places forward or back along the alphabet, so that "The butler did it!" becomes "Gur ohgyre qvq vg!" Most Usenet news reading and posting programs include a rot13 feature. It is used to enclose the text in a sealed wrapper that the reader must choose to open -- e.g., for posting things that might offend some readers, or spoilers. A major advantage of rot13 over rot(N) for other N is that it is self-inverse, so the same code can be used for encoding and decoding. See also spoiler space, which has partly displaced rot13 since non-Unix-based newsreaders became common. From Jargon Dictionary

rotix

A program to generate rotational obfuscations Rotix allows you to generate rotational obfuscations, like the world-famous ROT-13. Note that this is not an encryption pack. Install Rotix if you want to generate ROT-13 variants. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

route

show / manipulate the IP routing table From whatis

routed

Network routing daemon. Routed is invoked at boot time to manage the network routing tables. The routing daemon uses a variant of the Xerox NS Routing Information Protocol in maintaining up to date kernel routing table entries. It used a generalized protocol capable of use with multiple address types, but is currently used only for Internet routing within a cluster of networks. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

routeplanner

A highway trip planner This is a highway trip planning program, similar to programs like Rand McNally's "TripMaker." It allows you to plan road trips between two or more locations, using various interchangeable map files (or databases). Currently, the program includes two databases covering North America; one is fairly simplistic, and one is quite detailed. You can also create new databases with the included editor. For retrocomputing nuts, this program traces its lineage back to a 1980s program called "RoadRoute" written by Jim Butterfield for the Amiga. AFAIK all of the code has been rewritten, but the Basic-USA database included here is Jim's original dataset. The package includes two console-based interfaces; for the GNOME interface and the editor, you should install routeplanner-gnome as well. Home Page: http://sourceforge.net/projects/routeplanner/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT

routeplanner-gnome

A highway trip planner (GNOME interface) This is a highway trip planning program, similar to programs like Rand McNally's "TripMaker." It allows you to plan road trips between two or more locations, using various interchangeable map files (or databases). Currently, the program includes two databases covering North America; one is fairly simplistic, and one is quite detailed. You can also create new databases with the included editor. For retrocomputing nuts, this program traces its lineage back to a 1980s program called "RoadRoute" written by Jim Butterfield for the Amiga. AFAIK all of the code has been rewritten, but the Basic-USA database included here is Jim's original dataset. This package includes the GNOME interface and the database editor (which also requires GNOME). Home Page: http://sourceforge.net/projects/routeplanner/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT

roxen

The Roxen Challenger Webserver The Roxen Challenger is a very powerful and easy to maintain web server. The server is written in Pike which is C-like but interpreted at runtime. Roxen may be configured comfortable via any web browser. The Roxen Challenger server is the foundation of a powerful information and communication environment. Challenger is a secure and competent web server. If your intention is minimizing your Total Cost of Ownership, Challenger is entirely in line. Challenger offers a smorgasbord of features, and on top of that, a whole suite of commercial and tightly integrated extensions. Challenger is just as suitable for powering an any-sized web site, as for an intranet application. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

roxen-fonts-iso8859-1

Extra fonts for roxen Fonts for the iso-8859-1 character set. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

roxen-fonts-iso8859-2

Extra fonts for roxen Fonts for the iso-8859-2 character set. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

roxen2

The Roxen Challenger Webserver The Roxen Challenger is a very powerful and easy to maintain web server. The server is written in Pike which is C-like but interpreted at runtime. Roxen may be configured comfortable via any web browser. The Roxen Challenger server is the foundation of a powerful information and communication environment. Challenger is a secure and competent web server. If your intention is minimizing your Total Cost of Ownership, Challenger is entirely in line. Challenger offers a smorgasbord of features, and on top of that, a whole suite of commercial and tightly integrated extensions. Challenger is just as suitable for powering an any-sized web site, as for an intranet application. This is the official version of the new 'Roxen WebServer' (the new name of the webserver). This is still a beta release and the old configuration files of the server is not fully compatible with this version. There will be a conversion script in a later version, but until then I'm installing in .../roxen2/ without any automatic config transference. You will have to configure the server manually... You can still have both the stable (1.3) version, since they don't clash (at least not filesystem wise), but make sure they don't try to talk/listen on the same ports! From Debian 3.0r0 APT

roxen2-ssl

SSL3 modules for the Roxen Challenger Webserver This is the 128/168-bit encryption add-ons for the Roxen Challenger webserver. Uses the Crypto/SSL3 library in pike-ssl, so this is not NonUS specific... The package depends on pike-crypto, which doesn't exists as a package. It have to be built by the installer (ie, you) out of pike-crypto-build. Once built, the pike-crypto-build package can be removed... From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rp-pppoe

PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) is a protocol used bymany ADSL Internet Service Providers. This package contains the Roaring Penguin PPPoE client, a user-mode program that does not require any kernel modifications. It is fully compliant with RFC 2516, the official PPPoE specification. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

rpc.lockd

start kernel lockd process From whatis

rpc.mountd

NFS mount daemon From whatis

rpc.nfsd

NFS server process From whatis

rpc.statd

NSM status monitor From whatis

rpcclient

tool for executing client side MS-RPC functions From whatis

rpcgen

an RPC protocol compiler From whatis

rpcinfo

report RPC information From whatis

rplay

A fake transitional package. Contains a set of dependencies designed to mitigate upgrade problems. This package will cause all of the rplay packages to be installed, after which time it can safely be removed. rplay-server contains the rplay server. rplay-client contains the rplay clients. librplay3{,-dev} contains the rplay libraries. rplay-perl contains the rplay perl modules. rplay-contrib currently only contains the mailsound stuff. RPlay allows sounds to be played to and from local and remote Unix systems. Sounds can be played with or without sending audio data over the network using either UDP or TCP/IP. RPlay audio servers can be configured to share sound files with each other. Support for RPlay is included in several applications. These include xpilot, xlockmore, xboing, fvwm, and ctwm. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rplay-client

The basic rplay clients. This package contains the basic rplay clients (rplay, rptp). The clients are used to play sounds on the local host or remote systems. RPlay allows sounds to be played to and from local and remote Unix systems. Sounds can be played with or without sending audio data over the network using either UDP or TCP/IP. RPlay audio servers can be configured to share sound files with each other. Support for RPlay is included in several applications. These include xpilot, xlockmore, xboing, fvwm, and ctwm. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rplay-contrib

Contributed binaries for the rplay network audio system. Contains mailsounds and Mailsounds each of which can be used to play sounds on a system when new mail arrives. RPlay allows sounds to be played to and from local and remote Unix systems. Sounds can be played with or without sending audio data over the network using either UDP or TCP/IP. RPlay audio servers can be configured to share sound files with each other. Support for RPlay is included in several applications. These include xpilot, xlockmore, xboing, fvwm, and ctwm. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rplay-perl

Perl modules for the rplay network audio system. Contains perl modules which aid in creating rplay-aware perl scripts. RPlay allows sounds to be played to and from local and remote Unix systems. Sounds can be played with or without sending audio data over the network using either UDP or TCP/IP. RPlay audio servers can be configured to share sound files with each other. Support for RPlay is included in several applications. These include xpilot, xlockmore, xboing, fvwm, and ctwm. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rplay-server

The rplay network audio system server. This package contains the rplay server. The rplay server allows sounds to be played on the system. RPlay allows sounds to be played to and from local and remote Unix systems. Sounds can be played with or without sending audio data over the network using either UDP or TCP/IP. RPlay audio servers can be configured to share sound files with each other. Support for RPlay is included in several applications. These include xpilot, xlockmore, xboing, fvwm, and ctwm. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rpm

The RPM Package Manager (RPM) is a powerful command line driven package management system capable of installing, uninstalling, verifying, querying, and updating software packages. Each software package consists of an archive of files along with information about the package like its version, a description, etc. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

rpm-build

The rpm-build package contains the scripts and executable programs that are used to build packages using the RPM Package Manager. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

rpm-devel

This package contains the RPM C library and header files. These development files will simplify the process of writing programs that manipulate RPM packages and databases. These files are intended to simplify the process of creating graphical package managers or any other tools that need an intimate knowledge of RPM packages in order to function. This package should be installed if you want to develop programs that will manipulate RPM packages and databases. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

rpm-helper

Helper scripts for rpm scriptlets to help create/remove :- groups- services- shells- users From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

rpm-livelinuxcd

rpm-livelinuxcd is a 120MB RedHat-based distribution that runs completely from CD, fits into around 80MB of RAM and is nearly indistinguishable from a system installed on a hard disk. Features include hardware recognition at boot, samba, dhcpd, name, xinetd, and SSH servers, virtual terminals, PAM, etc. Useful for dedicated servers, routers, emergency systems, cluster nodes and such, it does not contain an X11 Server. Initial version 0.9 was released March 5, 2003. Version 0.9-98 was released April 22, 2003. A CD-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List

rpm-python

The rpm-python package contains a module that permits applications written in the Python programming language to use the interface supplied by the RPM Package Manager libraries. This package should be installed if you want to develop Python programs that will manipulate RPM packages and databases. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

rpm2cpio

Extract cpio archive from RPM Package Manager (RPM) package. From whatis

rpm2html

Generate HTML index from directories of RPMs rpm2html automatically generates Web pages describing a set of RPM packages. The goal of rpm2html is also to identify the dependencies between various packages, and being able to find the packages providing the resources needed to install another package. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rpmbuild

RPM Package Manager From whatis

rpmdb

RPM Package Manager From whatis

rpmdrake

rpmdrake is a simple graphical frontend to manage software packages on a Mandrake Linux system; it has 3 different modes:- software packages installation;- software packages removal;- Mandrake Update (software packages updates). A fourth program manages the sources (add, remove, edit). From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

rpme

RPM Package Manager From whatis

rpmi

RPM Package Manager From whatis

rpmquery

RPM Package Manager From whatis

rpmsign

RPM Package Manager From whatis

rpmtools

Various tools needed by urpmi and drakxtools for handling rpm files. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

rpmu

RPM Package Manager From whatis

rpmverify

RPM Package Manager From whatis

rpncalc

a RPN calculator trying to emulate an HP28S rpncalc is a calculator similar to dc(1), but it uses the readline library and shows the stack visually. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rproxy

A cache which uses differences to speed up retrievals rproxy stores hashed values of retrieved pages and when you next access the same page it computes the difference between the current page and the recently stored page. The rproxy extensions to HTTP allow the server to generate a hsync relative to the cached instance in a way that is completely general, and transparent to both the server and user agent. rproxy, and clients and servers which implement hsync, calculate a block-by-block signature of the file, by computing a checksum over consecutive extents of equal length, such as 1024 bytes. This checksum is then added into a header of the request and transmited as usual. To be useful, there should be at least two rproxy instances between the client and the server. Transfers between the proxies will be delta-encoded, while the browser and server will just see standard HTTP. For example, it is very useful to run on instance on each side of a modem link, so that data across the slow link will be delta-encoded. Further information is available at http://linuxcare.com.au/rproxy/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rrdtool

Time-series data storage and display system (programs) RRD is the Acronym for Round Robin Database. RRD is a system to store and display time-series data (i.e. network bandwidth, machine-room temperature, server load average). It stores the data in a very compact way that will not expand over time, and it presents useful graphs by processing the data to enforce a certain data density. It can be used either via simple wrapper scripts (from shell or Perl) or via frontends that poll network devices and put friendly user interface on it. This package contains command line programs used to access and manipulate RRDs. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rrdtool-tcl

Time-series data storage and display system (tcl) RRD is the Acronym for Round Robin Database. RRD is a system to store and display time-series data (i.e. network bandwidth, machine-room temperature, server load average). It stores the data in a very compact way that will not expand over time, and it presents useful graphs by processing the data to enforce a certain data density. It can be used either via simple wrapper scripts (from shell or Perl) or via frontends that poll network devices and put friendly user interface on it. This package contains a tcl interface to RRDs. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rrlogind

Login daemon for the Road Runner Cable Modem Service Login daemon for the Road Runner Cable Modem Service. You need a dhcp client as well. This program takes care of the authentication piece for the Road Runner Cable Modem Service. These areas include, but are not limited to: North Eastern Ohio, Columbus Ohio, Austin Texas, Hawaii, Tampa Bay Fla, and Charlotte NC. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rsh

OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program) From whatis

rsh

The rsh package contains a set of programs which allow users to run commmands on remote machines, login to other machines, and copy files between machines (respectively, rsh, rlogin, and rcp). All three ofthese commands use rhosts style authentication. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

rsh-client

rsh clients. This package contains rsh, rcp and rlogin. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rsh-server

The rsh-server package contains a set of programs which allow users to run commmands on remote machines, login to other machines, and copy files between machines (respectively, rsh, rlogin, and rcp). All three of these commands use rhosts style authentication. This package contains the servers needed for all of these services. It also contains a server for rexec, an alternate method of executing remote commands. From Redhat 8.0 RPM

rsh-server

rsh servers. This package contains rexecd, rlogind and rshd. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rsmtp

Mail Transfer Agent From whatis

rspfd

Radio Shortest Path Daemon RSPF is a routing protocol for hamradio wireless links. This package provides a daemon with the latest version of the protocol. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rstart

a sample implementation of a Remote Start client From whatis

rstartd

a sample implementation of a Remote Start rsh helper From whatis

rstartd

a sample implementation of a Remote Start rsh helper From whatis

rstat-client

A client for rstatd. This package contains rup(1) and rsysinfo(1), clients for rstatd. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rstatd

Display uptime information for remote machines. This allows other machines on your local network to get information about your computer - especially uptime. This will allow you to use the rup(1) command. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rsync

Rsync uses a quick and reliable algorithm to very quickly bring remote and host files into sync. Rsync is fast because it just sends the differences in the files over the network (instead of sending the complete files). Rsync is often used as a very powerful mirroring process or just as a more capable replacement for the rcp command. A technical report which describes the rsync algorithmis included in this package. Install rsync if you need a powerful mirroring program. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

rsync

fast remote file copy program (like rcp) rsync is a program that allows files to be copied to and from remote machines in much the same way as rcp. It has many more options than rcp, and uses the rsync remote-update protocol to greatly speed up file transfers when the destination file already exists. The rsync remote-update protocol allows rsync to transfer just the differences between two sets of files across the network link. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rtf2latex

Convert RTF files to LaTeX rtf2latex converts Microsoft RTF (Rich Text Format) files to LaTeX source files. If imagemagick is installed, rtf2latex tries to use it to convert embedded images from the RTF source file. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rtf2rtf

programs to postprocess the raw RTF generated by the mapping files From whatis

rubibtex

make a bibliography for (La)TeX using Russian letters as item names From whatis

ruby

An interpreter of object-oriented scripting language Ruby Ruby is the interpreted scripting language for quick and easy object-oriented programming. It has many features to process text files and to do system management tasks (as in perl). It is simple, straight-forward, and extensible. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rubybook

the "Programming Ruby" book This book is a tutorial nd reference for the Ruby programming language. Use Ruby, and you'll write better code, be more productive, and enjoy programming more. The book is a guide to working with the object-oriented programming language, teaching the basics, plus how to write large programs, how to extend Ruby using C code, and much more. This is the HTML version of the "Programming Ruby" book by David Thomas and Andrew Hunt, published by Addison-Wesley and graciously licensed under the Open Publication Licence. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rubymagick

Ruby interface for ImageMagick Ruby interface for ImageMagick. (beta release) From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rubyunit

Simple testing framework for Ruby RubyUnit is a simple Testing Framework for Ruby. You can get the information about Testing Framework on next web site: <URL:http://www.xprogramming.com/> From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rumakeindex

process a LaTeX index using Russian Cyrillic characters From whatis

rumba-manifold-demo

Sample programs that use RUMBA brain imaging main library Sample programs that use RUMBA brain imaging main library Main library From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rumba-utils

RUMBA brain imaging utility programs RUMBA brain imaging system utility programs From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rumbaview

RUMBA project brain imaging viewer RUMBA project brain imaging viewer From Debian 3.0r0 APT

run

Watch programs and restart them if they die Run allows you to run a program, and ensure that you have only one of that program running simultaneously. i.e. we would like to run some program, but not if its already running. We also may need to restart the program if it dies. Run accomplishes these tasks giving all the functionality that would otherwise require tedious shell scripting to accomplish. PLEASE NOTICE that upstream considers this package "a broken program" and advises on his home page not to use run unless one is prepared to debug. However, run seems to be working reasonably well, but be warned. Remove the Conflicts: line from control file if you want to build on potato From Debian 3.0r0 APT

run-mailcap

execute programs via entries in the mailcap file From whatis

run-parts

run scripts or programs in a directory From whatis

run-with-aspell

A script to help use aspell as an ispell replacement From whatis

rungetty

a minimal console getty that can run any process rungetty might be the getty you were looking for. It is able to run any program, not just login. If a different program than login is used it usually is run as nobody.nobody, or the user/group specified on the commandline. rungetty can even be configured to autologin, under certain circumstances. See the manual page for more information. You have to change some lines in /etc/inittab for having any effect after installing the package. rungetty is based on mingetty and therefore not suitable for serial use. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

runlevel

The groups of processes which are started by init are controlled by the runlevel. The runlevel is a digit from 0 to 6 or the letter S. Runlevels 0, 6 and S are reserved for shutdown, reboot and single user mode. Runlevel 1 is also single user mode. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux

runlevel

find the current and previous system runlevel. From whatis

runq

Mail Transfer Agent From whatis

runscript

script interpreter for minicom From whatis

rusers

Displays who is logged in to machines on local network. The rusers command produces output similar to who, but for the list of hosts or all machines on the local network. For each host responding to the rusers query, the hostname with the names of the users currently logged on is printed on each line. The rusers command will wait for one minute to catch late responders. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rusersd

Logged in users server. This is a server which returns information about users currently logged in to the system. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rview

Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor From whatis

rvim

Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor From whatis

rwall

Send a message to users logged on a host. The rwall command sends a message to the users logged into the specified host. The message to be sent can be typed in and terminated with EOF or it can be in a file. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rwalld

Write messages to users currently logged in server. rpc.rwalld is a server which will send a message to users currently logged in to the system. This server invokes the wall(1) command to actually write the messages to the system. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rwho

Clients to query the rwho server The rwho command produces output similar to who, but for all machines on the local network. If no report has been received from a machine for 11 minutes then rwho assumes the machine is down, and does not report users last known to be logged into that machine. The ruptime command gives a status line like uptime for each machine on the local network; these are formed from packets broadcast by each host on the network once a minute. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rwho

The rwho command displays output similar to the output of the who command (it shows who is logged in) for all machines on the local network running the rwho daemon. Install the rwho command if you need to keep track of the users whoare logged in to your local network. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

rwhod

System status server Rwhod is the server which maintains the database used by the rwho(1) and ruptime(1) programs. Its operation is predicated on the ability to broadcast messages on a network. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rx320

Control a Ten-Tec RX-320 receiver Control a Ten-Tec RX-320 receiver via a serial port, providing a command line interface to the radio. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rxp

A validating XML parser Rxp reads, parses, and can optionally validate XML. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rxsock

Socket function library for Regina REXX RxSock provides socket functions for the interpreted language Regina REXX. It provides the same functions as the OS/2 and Object Rexx RxSocks. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rxvt

Rxvt is a color VT102 terminal emulator for the X Window System. Rxvt is intended to be an xterm replacement for users who don't need the more esoteric features of xterm, like Tektronix 4014 emulation, session logging and toolkit style configurability. Since it doesn't support those features, rxvt uses much less swap space than xterm uses. This is a significant advantage on a machine which is serving a large number of X sessions. The rxvt package should be installed on any machine which serves a large number of X sessions, if you'd like to improve that machine's performance. This version of rxvt can display Japanese, Chinese (Big5 and GuoBiao) and Korean. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM

rxvt

VT102 terminal emulator for the X Window System Rxvt is an 8-bit clean, color xterm replacement that uses significantly less memory than a conventional xterm, mostly since it doesn't support toolkit configurability or Tek graphics, but also since features can be removed at compile-time to reflect your needs. The distribution also includes rclock, the smaller/better xclock replacement with appointment scheduling and xbiff functionality. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rxvt-beta

VT102 terminal emulator for the X Window System Rxvt is an 8-bit clean, color xterm replacement that uses significantly less memory than a conventional xterm, mostly since it doesn't support toolkit configurability or Tek graphics, but also since features can be removed at compile-time to reflect your needs. The distribution also includes rclock, the smaller/better xclock replacement with appointment scheduling and xbiff functionality. This package contains the developer (beta) version of rxvt. See the rxvt package for the current stable version of rxvt. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rxvt-beta-ml

multi-lingual VT102 terminal emulator for the X Window System Rxvt is an 8-bit clean, color xterm replacement that uses significantly less memory than a conventional xterm, mostly since it doesn't support toolkit configurability or Tek graphics, but also since features can be removed at compile-time to reflect your needs. This package contains three versions of rxvt: krxvt and crxvt, which support Japanese and Chinese characters, and grxvt, which supports both ELOT-928 (ISO-8859-7 standard) and IBM-437 keyboard translations for Greek character entry. This package contains the developer (beta) version of rxvt. See the rxvt-ml package for the current stable version of rxvt. From Debian 3.0r0 APT

rxvt-ml

multi-lingual VT102 terminal emulator for the X Window System Rxvt is an 8-bit clean, color xterm replacement that uses significantly less memory than a conventional xterm, mostly since it doesn't support toolkit configurability or Tek graphics, but also since features can be removed at compile-time to reflect your needs. This package contains three versions of rxvt: krxvt and crxvt, which support Japanese and Chinese characters, and grxvt, which supports both ELOT-928 (ISO-8859-7 standard) and IBM-437 keyboard translations for Greek character entry. From Debian 3.0r0 APT